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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Evolutionary perspective on emotion
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There are many similarities in emotional expression across cultures that suggest there is a biological basis to emotion
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Paul Elkman
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Considered 9 basic emotions and studied 6
Studied: Joy, anger, sadness, surprise, disgust, fear Were not studied: contempt, embarrassment, pride |
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Jame's Russel's circumplex model
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emotions came from your degree of arousal to sleepiness crossed with your amount of pleasure and displeasure
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Jame's Russel's circumplex model 2011
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Deactivation and activation vs. pleasure and displeasure
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Superabundance (Evolution and how it works)
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Organisms generally have many more offspring than are likely to survive
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Variation (Evolution and how it works)
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Random mutations and chromosome shuffling create differences among offspring affecting their likelihood to survive or not.
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Natural and Sexual Selection (Evolution and how it works)
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Natural: your environment and genes interact to determine survival
Sexual selection: you may have traits that are deemed desirable by the opposing sex |
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Bonobos, chimps, and humans
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all share a lot of DNA but humans split from that branch 6-8 million years ago, humans and bonobos have 98% of their genes in common.
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Evidence for our relation with chimps
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They have forward facing eyes and not much hair on the face in order to allow for greater expression of emotion
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Evidence for our relation with bonobos
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human like face, lips, ears, and neck. Lack of facial hair compared to other mammals
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Vocalizing in chimps/bonobos
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they use vocal patterns, facial expressions, and gestures to communicate
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bonobos and walking
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bonobos can walk upright and carry things at the same time
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bonobo parent child relationships
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parents protect infants, share food with them, and infants are emotionally attached to the caregiver.
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bonobo play patterns
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show an interest in curious, playful, and creative/explorative methods of exploring the world.
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greeting in bonobos
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affectionate greeting and holding, face to face
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sexual intercourse in bonobos
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face to face sexual intercourse which was thought to be only human is common among bonobos, eye to eye gazing and smiling during sex
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Plutchik's 10 theoretical postulates 1 - 5
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1. emotion applies to all animals
2. emotions have an evolutionary history and have evolved somewhat differently from other species 3. serve an adaptive function in dealing with survival issues 4. despite different forms of emotion in different species common forms can be identified 5. there are a small number of basic or prototype emotions |
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Plutchik's 10 theoretical postulates 5 - 10
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6. All other emotions are mixed or derivative states
7. Primary emotions are hypothetical constructs found through various evidence. 8. primary emotions can be seen through polar opposite emotions (joy vs. sadness) 9. all emotions vary in their similarity to each other 10. each emotion can exist in varying degrees of intensity of arousal |
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Sequence of events in emotion
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stimulus event (sight of predator) --> cognitive appraisal (danger) --> Subjective reaction (fear) --> behavioral reaction (run) --> function (protection)
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