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122 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The continous one way circuit of blood through the body in the blood vessels is known as?
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Circulation
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The prime mover that propels blood throughout the body is?
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Heart
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How many pumps per minute does the heart pump?
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average 72
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The pointed, inferior portion of the heart is the?
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apex
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The broad, superior portion of the heart is the?
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Base
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Is the area of attachment for the large vessels carrying blood into and out of the heart?
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Base
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Name the three types of different layers lining the heart?
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Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
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The thin smooth layer of epithelial cells that line the hearts interior?
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Endocardium
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Provides a smooth surface for easy flow as blood travels through the heart?
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Endocardium
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Extension of this membrane that covers flaps (cusps) of the heart valves?
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Endocardium
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The HEART muscle?
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Myocardium
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The thickest layer that pumps blood through the vessels?
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Myocardium
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A serous membrane that forms the thin, outermost layer of the heart wall?
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Epicardium
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The sac that encloses the heart?
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Pericardium
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The outermost layer of the pericardium?
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Fibrous pericardium
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What type of tissue anchors the pericardial layer, thus holding the heart in place?
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Connective tissue
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The outer layer of the serous membrane?
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Parietal layer
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The inner layer of the serous membrane?
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Visceral layer (epicardium)
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The epicardium is also known as?
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Visceral layer (epicardium)
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What is the main function of the paricardial cavity?
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A thin layer of fluid that reduces friction between the Parietal pericardium and the Visceral pericardium
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Covers the heart and lines the fibrous pericardium?
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Serous pericardium
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Cardiac muscle cells have a single?
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Nucleus
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Modified plasma membranes that firmly attach adjacent cells to each other but allow for rapid transfer of electrical impulses?
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Intercalated Disks
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The intercalated disks and the________cellular networks allow cardian muscle to contract in a coordinated manner?
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Branching
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Side of the heart that is responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood to pulmonary circuit?
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Right
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Side of the heart that is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the systemic circuit?
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Left
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The upper chambers of the heart are called?
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Atria
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The lower chambers of the heart are called?
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ventricles
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Are mainly blood receiving chambers?
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Atria
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Are forceful pumps?
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Ventricles
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Brings deoxygenated blood from the head, chest, and arms?
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Superior vena cava
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Brings deoxygenated blood from the trunk and the legs?
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Inferior vena cava
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A thin walled chamber that recieves blood returning from the body tissues?
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Right Atrium
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Pumps the venous blood from the right atria to the lungs?
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Right Ventricle
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A vessel that takes blood from the heart to the tissues?
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Arteries
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The right ventricular connects with?
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pulmonary trunk
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Divided into the left and right pulmonary arteries?
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pulmonary trunk
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Recieves blood high in oxygen content from the lungs in pulmonary veins?
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Left atrium
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The only veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood?
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Pulmonary veins
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The chamber with the thickest wall?
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Left ventricle
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Pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body?
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Left ventricle
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Connects with the aorta via the aortic valve??
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L ventricle
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The largest artery in the body?
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Aorta
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The hearts apex is formed by the wall of?
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Left ventricle
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Separates the two atria?
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Interatrial septum
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Separates the two ventricles?
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Interventricular septum
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The septa consists largely of?
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myocardium
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The entrance valves in the heart are named?
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Atrioventricular valves
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The exit valves in the heart are named?
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Semilunar
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Has three cusps, or flaps?
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Tricuspid Valve
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When this valve is open, blood flows freely from the R atrium into the R ventricle?
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Tricuspid Valve
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What prevents blood from re-entering the R Atrium?
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Tricuspid Valve, because the valve is closed by blood squeezed backward against the cusps
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Has two heavy cusps that permit blood to flow freely from the L atrium to the L ventricle?
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Bicuspid or mitral valve
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Thin fibrous threads that attach R/L AV valves to the muscles in the walls of the ventricles?
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Chordae tendineae
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Their function is to stabilize the valve flaps when the ventricles contract so that the force of the blood will not push them up into the atria?
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Chordea tendineae
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A semilunar valve located between the R ventricle and the pulmonary trunk?
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Pulmonary Valve
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The high pressure in the pulmonary artery is described as?
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Back pressure
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A semilunar valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta?
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Aortic valve
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Receives blood from the vena cavea and the coronary sinus?
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R Atrium
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Receives blood from the R atrium and pumps blood into the pulmonary artery?
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R Ventricle
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The only membraneous layer that contact blood?
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Endocardium
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The membrane that has its own blood vessels and nutrient source?
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Myocardium
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The blood vessels in the myocardium provide?
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coronary circulation
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The main arteries that supply blood to the heart are?
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R/L coronary arteries
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Valves responsible for systole?
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R AV Valve or tricuspid valve and L AV valve or bicuspid
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Prevents blood from flowing back up into the R atrium when the R ventricle contrasts?
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Tricuspid
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Prevents blood from flowing back up into the L atrium when the L ventricle cotnracts?
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Bicuspid or mitral
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Prevents blood from flowing back into the R ventricle when the R ventricle relaxes?
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Pulmonary semi=lunar valve
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Valves responsible for diastole?
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Pulmonary semi-lunar and Aortic semi-lunar valves
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Prevents blood from flowing back into the L ventricle when the L ventricle relaxes?
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Aortic semi-lunar valve
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A dialated vein that opens into the R atrium near the inferior vena cava?
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Coronary sinus
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The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is called?
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systole
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The resting period of the cardiac cycle is called?
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Diastole
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One complete sequence of heart contraction and relaxation is called?
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cardiac cycle
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A cardiac cycle at REST takes an average of ?
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0.8 seconds
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The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute is termed?
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Cardiac output (CO)
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The volume of blood ejected from the ventricle with each beat?
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Stroke volume (SV)
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The number of times the heart beats per minute?
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Heart Rate (HR)
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CO=HRx?
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SV Stoke volume
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Located in the upper wall of the R atrium in a small depression called a sinus?
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Sinoatrial node (SA)
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This node initiates the heartbeats by generating an action potential at regular intervals?
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SA node
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Called the pacemaker of the heart?
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SA node
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This node is located in the interatrial septum at the bottom of the R atrium?
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AV node (atriocentricular)
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The AV bundle located at the top of the interventricular septum?
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The bundle of His
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The node that has branches that extend to all parts of the ventricular wall?
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Bundle of his
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Fibers travel down both sides of the interventricular septum in groups called?
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Right and Left bundle branches
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Type of fibers travel in a branching network throughout the myocardium of the ventricles, also called conduction myofibers?
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Purkinje fibers
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Allows the rapid flow of impulses throughout the heart muscle?
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intercalated disks
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Fibers in the wall of the atrium makeup _________ pathways?
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Internodal pathways
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What is the conduction pathway of the heart?
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SA node, atria contract, AV node, bundle of his, bundle branches, purkinje fibers, ventricular musculature contracts (same time)
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A normal rhythm originating at the SA node is termed?
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sinus rhythm
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What is the name of the parasympathetic nerve that supplies the heart?
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cranial nerve X (10)
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Sympathetic has what effect on the heart, Parasympathetic has what effect on the heart?
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Sympathetic (Flight or fight= increase heart rate) Parasympathetic (decrease heart rate to return to homeostasis)
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A regular variation in heart rate caused by changes in the rate of the depth of breathing, a normal phenomenon?
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Sinus arrythmia
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A beat that comes before the expected normal beat, also called extrasystole?
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Premature beat
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The Lupp in a heart beat is due to?
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AV Valves closing
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The Dupp in a heart beat is due to?
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Semilunar valves closing
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An abnormal sound due to a faulty action of a valve?
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Murmur
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An abnormal sound caused by any structural change in the heart or vessels connected with the heart is?
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organic murmur
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Normal sounds of the heart?
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Functional murmurs
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What system exerts the main influence on the rate and strength of heart contractions?
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ANS
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Used to record the electrical changes produced as the heart muscle contracts?
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EKG or ECG
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P waves in the EKG represent what?
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Activity in the Atria
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QRS and T waves represent what?
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Ventricular activity
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An instrument used to examine deep structures with x-rays?
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Fluoroscope
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HDL=
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Highdensity lipoprotein
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LDL=
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Low density lipoprotein
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VLDL=
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very low density lipoprotein
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VLDL is converted to?
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LDL
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Carry cholesteral from the liver to the tissues?
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LDL
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Removes cholesteral from the tissues?
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HDL
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High levels of LDL indicate?
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arteries can become clogged, removal of cholesteral by HDL is not sufficient
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High levels of HDL indicate?
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Effecient removal of arterial plaques
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Saturated fats increase what type of cholesterol?
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LDL
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Unsaturated fats lower what type of cholesterol?
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LDL
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Consists of sound waves generated at a frquency above the range of sensitivity of the human ear?
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Ultrasound
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High frequency sound waves are sent to the heart from a small instrument on the surface of the chest known as?
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echocardiography
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echocardiography is known as?
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ultrasound cardiography
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Located below left ventricle and aorta?
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aortic valve
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Located between Right ventricle and pulmonary artery?
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Pulmonary valve
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First branches of the aorta; fill when heart relaxes?
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Coronary arteries
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Collects venous blood from the heart and empties into the R atrium?
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Coronary sinus
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