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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Joe Turner
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- vocalist
- known as the "Boss of Blues" - worked in Territory Jazz bands in KC |
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Louis Jordan
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- vocalist/ saxophonist
- innovator of the jump band |
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decline of the Big Band...
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- direct effect of war
- no sholack for records, went to war effort |
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T-Bone Walker
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-guitar/ vocalist
- 1st to popularize electric guitar in R&B |
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Muddy Waters
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- originator of the "Chicago Blues" sound
- major influence on rock bands (especially British) |
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William "Hoss" Allen
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- white DJ
- ignored mainstream white labels - played small independent labels |
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Allen Freed
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-heard hoss and coined the term "Rock and Roll"
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New Orleans
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- major contributor to crossover R&B music
- emphasis on (piano/bass/sax) vs guitar styles of Memphis + Chicago - bass lines derived from the rich cultural mix of New Orleans population |
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Fats Domino
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- ambassador of New Orleans sound
- offered white kids an easy first step into the world of black music - "Ain't that a Shame" |
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Cosimo Matassa
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- ownder of J+M records studio (only studio in New Orleans)
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Dave Bartholomew
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- collaborations with Fats Domino
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Little Richard
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- direct opposite of Fats Domino
- total EXTROVERT "bronze liberace" - has written some of rock's greatest songs - "Long Tall Sally," "Tutti Frutti" |
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Difference btwn Fats and Richard
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- calm, refined VS crude, high-strung
- never strained VS always strained - polished, easy, charm VS out of control |
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Early R&R in Chicago
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- the Delta blues became amplified in Chicago
- Chess records begam in the late forties by Leonard and Phil Chess |
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Bo Diddley
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- known for the "Bo Diddley Beat"
- known for distinctive rhythm patterns - beat can be tracked to "hambone" beats and the "ring shouts" of slaves |
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Chuck Berry
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- helped establish R&R as a musical form in itself
- established the guitar as THE rock instrument - the first great rock lyricist/poet - broke through the color barriers/played and sold to an intergrated audiences |
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Sam Phillips
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- Memphis
- ownder and operator of Sun Studios - important figure in development of R&R |
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Elvis Presley
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- was the 1st rock hero (the KING of R&R)
- Elvis was the singer, not the song - forced R&R down mainstream's throat - made it possible to talk about R&R as more than a passing fad for R&B |
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Elvis Rockabilly Traits
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- "slapback" echo...a trait of Sun Records
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Elvis with RCA
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- Col. Tom Parker became his new manager
- reaches national status w. "Heartbreak Hotel" - Elvis simply defined the rock image of the fifties |
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Dave Bartholomew
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- collaborations with Fats Domino
|
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Little Richard
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- direct opposite of Fats Domino
- total EXTROVERT "bronze liberace" - has written some of rock's greatest songs - "Long Tall Sally," "Tutti Frutti" |
|
Difference btwn Fats and Richard
|
- calm, refined VS crude, high-strung
- never strained VS always strained - polished, easy, charm VS out of control |
|
Early R&R in Chicago
|
- the Delta blues became amplified in Chicago
- Chess records began in the late forties by Leonard and Phil Chess |
|
Bo Diddley
|
- known for the "Bo Diddley Beat"
- known for distinctive rhythm patterns - beat can be tracked to "hambone" beats and the "ring shouts" of slaves |
|
Chuck Berry
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- helped establish R&R as a musical form in itself
- established the guitar as THE rock instrument - the first great rock lyricist/poet - broke through the color barriers/played and sold to an intergrated audiences |
|
Sam Phillips
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- Memphis
- ownder and operator of Sun Studios - important figure in development of R&R |
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Elvis Presley
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- was the 1st rock hero (the KING of R&R)
- Elvis was the singer, not the song - forced R&R down mainstream's throat - made it possible to talk about R&R as more than a passing fad for R&B |
|
Elvis Rockabilly Traits
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- "slapback" echo...a trait of Sun Records
|
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Elvis with RCA
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- Col. Tom Parker became his new manager
- reaches national status w. "Heartbreak Hotel" - Elvis simply defined the rock image of the fifties - created acceptance for black music and opened doors for black artists - wanted to be an actor, so sang ballads and lost his edge |
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Decline of Elvis
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- went to Las Vegas
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Rockabilly defined
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- invented by Elvis, "That's All Right"
- frenzied mix of country, blues, gospel, and pop - classic rockabilly was almost entirely the product of Sun Records and Sam Phillips |
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Carl Perkins
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- became known as the "King of Rockabilly"
- remained true to his style |
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Jerry Lee Lewis
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- paralleled to Little Richard
- became known as "The Killer" - viewed as Elvis' rival |
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Rock; changes in the music
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- late 50's transitional period btwn. initial R&R and teen idal period
- newcomers had clean-cut images, broadened appeal, sexual overtones faded, replaces by hummable tunes |
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Ricky Nelson
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- The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet
- helped his career BUT also put R&R music in America's living rooms - "LA Rockabilly" style in some of his music |
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Buddy Holly
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- last of the 50's giant
- plane crash, 2/3/59 - points music toward 1st Rock Band - 1st major white artist to WRITE and PRODUCE his music - 1st to use the studio as instrument - explored the technique of sound and production - popularized the Fender Stratocastor |
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Buddy Holly and the Crickets
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- prototype for a self-contained rock band
- 2 guitars/ 1 bass/ drums |
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The Everly Brothers
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- from Nashville
- beginning of the use of 2 singers |
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Eddie Cochran
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- early development of the power chord
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Style Traits of Doo-Wop
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- emphasizes melody above rhythm
- name "doowop" didn't come til 70's - reflected the increase commercial possibilities for black music - star groups: The Platters, Coasters, Drifters - mainly "one-hit wonder" groups |
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Early Important Transition Groups
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- The Orioles
- The Ravens |
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The Platters
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- one of the most successful crossover acts in the 50's
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The One Shots
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- few doo-wop groups managed to make it onto the charts or sustain careers
- many groups become the one hit wonders - individuality was erased by the group |
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Soul Pioneers
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- Ray Charles
- Sam Cooke - Jackie Wilson |
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Ray Charles
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- not really R&R music
- has drawn from the entire spectrum of music (R&B, jazz, swing, gospel, C&W, showtunes) - church based music was an influence on Aretha Franklin and James Brown |
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Sam Cooke
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- one of the most graceful voices in soul music
- very different from Ray Charles - voice has a more floating quality then Ray Charles |
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Jackie Wilson
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- enormous range and sheer power--great instrument of R&R
- sweeping register leaps, rich vibrato, falsetto breaks was his trademark - energetic and agile showman |
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"The Death of Rock & Roll"
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Feb. 3, 1959 (the death of Buddy Holly)
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Teen Idols
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- most successful, Bobby Vinton
- Frankie Avalon, Bobby Valine |
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Philadelphia and American Bandstand
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- city was the most successful teen idol "machine"
- engine of the idol machine was Am. Bandstand |
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Brill Building Pop
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- songwriters dominated industry, not the singers
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Aldon Music
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- was as symbol for the popular music in NY
- pop singers rarely wrote their own music/always needed new songs - songwriters were usually grouped in pairs |
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Goffin and King
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- most prolific hitmakers at Aldon
- their variety and ability to change with the times kept them in business |
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Sedaka and Greenfield
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- less varied in style/ sound since they were writing for Sedaka
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The "Girls" Groups
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- a sound and style rather than an individual voice or image
- success linked to a specific producer - projected HIS vision rather than the groups vision |
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The Chantels
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- important model for the groups that followed
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The Shirelles
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- patterned after The Chantels
- caused 2nd wave of white girl groups |
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The Chiffons
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- "He's So Fine"
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THe Marvelettes
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- Motowns only true pop girl group (Supremes outgrew the image)
- "Mr. Postman" |
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The Shangri-Las
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- "The Leader of the Pack"
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The Angels
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- "My Boyfriends Back"
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Spector Records-Phil Spector
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- "little symphonies for kids"
- invented the role of the modern producer |
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The Wall of Sound
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- Phil Spector
- use of many instruments - anyone around the studio maybe have ended up on the recording - large list of studio musicians were used--the "wrecking crew" |
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The Ronettes
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- inspired Spectors best works
- became the "bad girls of pop" |
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The Righteous Brothers
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- Spector's last great success
- "You've Lost That Loving Feeling" - "Unchained Melody" |
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Duane Eddy
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- developed a style known as "twangy" guitar
- formed a model for the surf band guitarists |
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1960's Instrumental Groups (Surf Music)
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- surf music was primarily an instrumental style
-lack of vocals allowed expirementing w. sounds on the guitar - guitar had virtually disappeared as lead instr. in early 60's pop - reestablished guitar as central role in music |
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The Ventures
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- solidified the two guitar/bass/drum line-up
- not originally a surf band/favorite w. surf crowd |
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Dick, Dale and the Deftones
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- king of the surf guitar
- Dale's Deftones spawned many garage bands around SoCal |
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The Beach Boys
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-became America's answer to the Beatles
- combo of the Four Freshman and instr. surf music - Brian Wilson was the quiet genius of group - influenced by Phil Spector's "wall of sound" |
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Pet Sounds (1966)
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- became Brian's master project
-critically considered a masterpiece and one of the R&R important album - the album became a major influence on the Beatles (Sgt. Pepper) - remaining songs and show Wilson's obsession w. isolation and his insecurities |
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Good Vibrations (1966)
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- Wilson's answer to the poor outing of Pet Sounds
- labeled as a psychadelic tune - Wilson's finest hour as a producer |