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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Plasma (cell) membrane:
(major cell component) |
Structure: Phosolipid bilayer containing cholesterol and proteins (integral and peropheral) and come carbohydrates (externally)
Function: Contains receptors for communication; forms intercellular connections; acts as physical barrier to enclose call contents; regulates material movement into and out of the cell. |
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Cytoplasm:
(major cell component) |
Structure: Contains cytosol, a viscous fluid, and inclusions and organelles
Function: Place of many metabolic processes of the cell; stores nutrients and dissolved solutes. |
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Organelles:
(major cell component) |
Structure: Membrane-bound and non-membrane bound structures that have unique functions and activities.
Function: Carry out specific metabolic activities of the cell. |
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Inclusions:
(major cell component) |
Structure: Droplets of melanin, protein, glycogen granules, or lipid; usually non-membrane-bound.
Function: Store materials |
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Nucleus
(major cell component) |
Structure: Surround by double membrane nuclear envelope (each membrane is a phospholipid bilayer); contains nucleolus and chromatin
Function: Acts as cell control center; controls all genetic info (DNA); site of ribosome subunit assembly. |
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Nuclear envelope:
(major cell component) |
Structure: Double membrane boundary bet cytoplasm and nuclear contents.
Function: Pores in envelope regulate exchange of materials with the assembly. |
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Nuclear pores:
(major cell component) |
Structure: Openings through the nuclear envelope.
Function: Allow for passage of materials bet nucleus and cytoplasm. |
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Nucleous (or nucleoli):
(major cell component) |
Structure: Spherical, dark-staining, dense granular region in the nucleus.
Function: Synthesizes rRNA and assembles ribosomes in the nucleus. |
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Chromatin and Chromosomes:
(major cell component) |
Structure: Filaments association of DNA and histone proteins.
Function: Site of genes in the DNA. |
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
(membrane-bound organelles) |
Structure: Interconnected network of membrane tubules and vesicles; no ribosomes.
Function: Synthesizes lipids; metabolizes carbohydrates; detoxifies drugs, alcohol. |
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Rough ER
(membrane-bound organelles) |
Structure: flattened intracellular network of membrane sacs called cisternae; ribosomes attached on cytoplasmic surface
Function: Synthesizes proteins for secretion, new proteins for the plasma membrane, and lysosomal enzymes; transports and stores molecules. |
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Golgi Apparatus:
(membrane-bound organelles) |
Structure: Stacked series of flattened, smooth membrane sacs w/ associated transport vesicles (aka shuttle vesicle)
Function: Modifies, packages, and sorts newly synthesized proteins for secretion, inclusion in new plasma membrane, or lysosomal enzyme synthesis. |
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Lysosomes:
(membrane-bound organelles) |
Structure: Membrane sacs w/ digestive enzymes
Function: Digest materials or microbes ingested by the cell: remove old/damaged organelles; self-destruct (autolyze) |
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Peroxisomes:
(membrane-bound organelles) |
Structure: membrane-enclosed sacs; usually contain large amounts of specific enzymes to break down harmful substances.
Function: Convert hydrogen peroxide formes during metabolism to water. |
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Mitochondria:
(membrane-bound organelles) |
Structure: Double membrane structures with cristae; fluid matrix contents at center.
Function: Synthesizes most ATP during cellular respiration, "powerhouse or the cell" |
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Ribosomes:
(non-membrane bound organelle) |
Structure: Dense cytoplasmic granules with 2 subunits (large and small) may be free in cytoplasm (free ribosomes) or bound to rough ER (fixed ribosomes)
Function: synthesize proteins for" 1) use in the cell (free ribosomes) 2) secretion, incorporation into plasma membrane, or lysosomes (fixed ribosomes) |
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Cytoskeleton:
(non-membrane bound organelle) |
Structure: Organized network of protein filaments or hollow tubules throughout the cell.
Function: Provides structural support; facilitates cytoplasm streaming, organelle and cellular motility, transport of materials and cell division. |
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Microfilaments:
(non-membrane bound organelle) |
Structure: Actin protein monomers formed into filaments.
Function: Maintain cell shape; aid in muscle contraction and intracellular movement; separate dividing cells |
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Intermediate filaments:
(non-membrane bound organelle) |
Structure: various protein components
Function: provide structural support; stabilize cell junctions |
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Microtubules:
(non-membrane bound organelle) |
Structure: Hollow cylinders of tubulin protein; able to lengthen and shorten
Function: support cell; hold organelles in place; maintain cell shape and rigidity; direct organelle movement w/in cell and cell motility as cilia and flagella; move chromosomes as cell division. |
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Centrosome:
(non-membrane-bound organelle) |
Structure: amorphous region adjacent to nucleus; contain a pair of centrioles
Function: Organize microtubules; participates in spindle fiber formation during cell division. |
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Centrioles:
(non-membrane bound organelle) |
Structure: Paired perpendicular cylindrical bodies; composed of microtubule triplets.
Function: Organize microtubules during cell division for movement of chromosome |
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Cilia:
(non-membrane bound organelle) |
Structure: Short, membrane-attached projections containing microtulubles; occur in large #'s on exposed membrane surfaces.
Function: Move fluid, mucus, and materials over the cell surface. |
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Flagellum:
(non-membrane bound organelle) |
Structure: Long, singular membrane extension containing microtubules.
Function: Propels sperm cells in human male. |
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Microvilli:
(non-membrane bound organelle) |
Structure: Numerous thin membrane folds projecting from the free cell surface.
Function: Increase membrane surface area for increased absorption and/or secretion. |