Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
111 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
AIDS |
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; a disease of the human immune system caused by HIV |
|
AMA |
against medical advice |
|
ascites |
fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
|
BBp |
bloodborne pathogen; pathogenic microorganisms present in human blood and can cause disease in humans; includes Hep B virus and HIV |
|
BEE |
basal energy expenditure |
|
BMR |
basal metabolic rate |
|
BP |
blood pressure |
|
BS |
Blood sugar |
|
BSA |
body surface area |
|
BUN |
blood urea nitrogen |
|
accreditation |
a determination by the Joint Commission that an eligible organization complies with applicable Joint Commission Standards |
|
CABG |
coronary artery bypass graft; open heart surgery done to bypass narrow or obstructed areas to improve blood flow |
|
CAD |
coronary artery disease; a build-up of fatty material in the coronary artery that causes narrowing and a decrease in blood flow to the heart |
|
CBC |
complete blood count; a measurement of size, number, and maturity of different blood cells in a specific volume of blood |
|
CC |
chief complaint |
|
HF |
heart failure; a syndrome marked by weakness, edema, and SOB, due to the inability of the heart to circulate the blood adequately to the lungs and other tissues aka congestive heart failure (CHF) |
|
d/c |
discontinue
|
|
D5W |
5% dextrose and sterile water |
|
DKA |
diabetic ketoacidosis; a dangerous condition in which the blood becomes acidic due to a buildup of ketones; it arises during severe insulin deficiency |
|
DM |
diabetes mellitus; a chronic metabolic disease characterized by the body's decreased ability to utilize carbs |
|
DRG |
diagnosis related group; used to determine how much Medicare pays the hospital, categorizing patients with similar diagnoses |
|
edema |
swelling that leaves pitting when depressed with a finger |
|
emesis |
vomiting |
|
exacerbation |
recurrence of symptoms after remission |
|
excretion |
waste matter, elimination |
|
FBG |
fasting blood glucose; preferred test for diagnosing DM; FBG greater than or equal to 126 mg/dl = DM |
|
GERD |
gastroesophageal reflux disease; a condition resulting in inflammation from stomach acid refluxing into the esophagus |
|
HA1C /A1C |
glycosylated Hb or hemoglobin A1C; a blood test that measures average blood sugar over the past several months |
|
HIPAA |
health insurance portability and accountability act; security and privacy rules intended to protect the confidentiality of health care information |
|
HMO |
health maintenance organization; a specific plan identifying the form of management used by a health insurance provider |
|
h/o |
history of |
|
Ht |
height |
|
HDL |
high density lipoprotein; good cholesterol--returns low density lipoproteins to the liver for excretion |
|
Hct |
hematocrit; the percentage of RBCs in a given amount of blood; a measure of the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood |
|
Hb or Hgb |
hemoglobin; protein in RBCs that transports oxygen and CO2 and gives blood its red color |
|
HTN |
hypertension |
|
Hx |
history |
|
iatrogenic |
complications, injuries or unfavorable result that are due to medical care esp drug reactions and hospital -acquired infections |
|
ICD-9/10 |
international classification of diseases, 9th/10th edition; diagnosis codes |
|
IDDM |
insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; ADA currently reference DM Type 1 vs IDDM as the preferred term |
|
I&O |
intake and output |
|
TJC |
the Joint Commission; an independent; not-for-profit organization dedicated to improving the quality of care in organized health care settings--major fxns: awarding accreditation decisions, providing education and consultation to health care organizations. previously known as JCAHO: Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations |
|
LDL
|
low density lipoprotein; delivers cholesterol to the body
|
|
lytes |
electrolytes; electricity-conducting compound in solution; K, Na, Cl |
|
MCV |
mean corpuscular volume; measure of the average RBC volume/size |
|
MI |
myocardial infarction, heart attakc |
|
NGT |
nasogastric tube |
|
NIDDM |
noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus; ADA currently references DM Type 2 as preferred term as many ppl require the use of insulin who have this type of diabetes |
|
NKA |
no known allergies
|
|
not otherwise specified |
NOS |
|
N&V |
nausea and vomiting |
|
peritoneal |
membranous lining of the abdominopelvic cavity |
|
PMH |
past medical history |
|
polyuria |
excessive urine production |
|
prn |
as often as necessary |
|
PPO |
preferred provider organization; specific health insurance plan where patients can choose their healthcare provider |
|
prophylaxis |
preventative measures |
|
pt |
Patient |
|
R/O
|
rule out
|
|
SBO |
small bowel obstruction
|
|
S/P |
status post (previous condition) |
|
U/A |
urinalysis |
|
UGI |
upper gastrointestinal series (x-rays) |
|
urea |
natural waste product of metabolism that is excreted in urine |
|
Universal Precautions or Standard Precautions |
an approach to infection control which treats all human blood and other potentially infectious materials as if they were infectious for HIV, HBV or other BBp |
|
OPIM |
other potentially infectious materials |
|
via |
by way of |
|
VS |
vital signs |
|
WNL |
within normal limits |
|
CMS |
Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services; medicaid provides healthcare services to the indigent while medicare provides healthcare services to the elderly and some disabled persons |
|
fruit exchange |
15 g CHO, 0 g PRO, 0 g FAT, 60 calories |
|
fat free, low-fat (1%) intake milk/milk sub |
12g CHO, 8 g PRO, 0-3 g Fat, 100 calories |
|
reduced fat (2%) milk/milk sub |
12 g CHO, 8 g PRO, 5 g Fat, 120 calories |
|
Whole milk/milk sub |
12 g CHO, 8 g PRO, 8 g Fat, 160 calories
|
|
Nonstarchy vegetables |
5 g CHO, 2 g PRO, 0 g Fat, 25 calories |
|
sweets, desserts, and other carbs |
15 g CHO, everything else varies |
|
lean proteins |
0 g CHO, 7 g PRO, 2 g Fat, 45 calories |
|
med-fat proteins |
0 g CHO, 7 g PRO, 5 g Fat, 75 calories |
|
high-fat proteins |
0 g CHO, 7 g PRO, 8 g Fat, 100 calories |
|
plant-based proteins |
g CHO varies, 7 g PRO, g fat and calories varies |
|
Fats |
g CHO, g PRO, 5 g Fat, 45 calories |
|
Alcohol |
1 alcohol equivalent, g CHO varies, 0 g PRO, 0 g Fat, 100 calories |
|
starch carbohydrates/starchy vegetables |
15 g CHO, 3 g PRO, 1 g Fat, 80 calories |
|
precontemplation |
resistant to/no intention of change; lack of awareness, denial of problem, aware of problem but unwilling to change |
|
goal of precontemplation |
personalize risk |
|
intervention strategies for precontemplation |
raise awareness, provide personalized information of problem, allow client to express feelings about need to change |
|
contemplation |
client has acknowledge need to change, but is ambivalent about it, has perceived barriers |
|
goal for contemplation |
increase self-efficacy |
|
intervention strategies for contemplation |
increase clients confidence (positive feedback, support groups), resolve barriers to change, emphasize benefits |
|
preparation |
client is making a plan to change w/in 30 days, considering changing food habits, intends to take initial action soon; believes advantages outweigh the risk |
|
goal for preparation |
initiate change |
|
intervention strategies for preparation |
set a specific action plan (small, specific, achievable goals); communicate intentions to family members or others (gain support) |
|
action |
client implements a specific action plan (up to 6 mos), new behaviors not yet viewed as permanent, relapse most likely in first 3-6 mos |
|
goal for action |
commitment to change |
|
intervention strategies for action |
focus on action-orientated strategies, including self mgt skills, reinforce decision and self confidence |
|
maintenance |
communication of desired behavior; working to maintain behavior to avoid relapse |
|
goal for maintenance |
continued commitment |
|
intervention strategies for maintenance |
identify and plan for potential problems, explain that relapse doesn't mean failure, encourage support groups, reinforce self-rewarding behaviors, if ready make more dietary changes; set new goals, come up with more/new strategies |
|
relapse |
part of process of change, lapse is a single act; relapse = a series of lapses and loss controls |
|
goal for relapse |
reinforce commitment |
|
intervention strategies for relapse |
re-evaluate motivation and barriers, re-assess readiness, ID new coping strategies, reinforce importance of maintaining change |
|
diagnosis codes |
describe an individual's medical condition that is determined by the treating physician; req'd on claims to gov't and private payer groups for payment of health services
|
|
CPT |
Current Procedural Terminology Committee; the national association responsible for maintaining the CPT coding system |
|
MNTCPT coding system
|
describe the procedure or service provided by the RD; defines the code as an MNT nutr assessment and intervention; exist for initial and follow-up visits as well as group assessments/individual encounters |
|
diagnosis related groups are used to determine how much medicare pays the hospital; assgined by a grouper program based on the ICD dx, procedure, age, sex, and presence of complications or cormobidities |
DRG |
|
medical severity-diagnosis related groups |
require greater specificity with regard to the degree of severity of the condition |
|
hematocrit |
low in anemia; % of RBCs in total blood volume normal range for men=41-50, women=35-46 |
|
Mean corpuscular volume MCV/C |
low in Fe deficiency anemia; normal in B12 and folate deficiency; represents Hb cntained in an avg RBC
|
|
transferrin |
high late pregnancy, use of OC, viral hepatitis, and in Fe deficiency anemia as transport of Fe increases; low when visceral protein in is depleted, in chronic infection, malignancy; half-life of 8-10 days |
|
albumin |
half-life of 21 days, low when visceral protein is depleted, liver disease, malabsorption syndromes, scites, burns, overhydration, inflammation |
|
prealbumin |
half-life of 3-5 days, low when visceral protein is depleted |