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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the neuron support cells?
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glial cells, glia
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A typical neuron consists of a _______, ________, and _______.
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cell body, dendrites, axons
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The cell body of the neuron contains the _______.
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nucleus
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The ________ are short processes that receive most inputs to the cell.
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dendrites
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______ are long processes that carry most outputs.
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Axons
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Most mammalian neurons are multipolar, which means that they have ______ dendrite(s) and _______ axon(s).
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several, several
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Axon ______ are axons that branch off the main axon to reach different targets.
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collaterals
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Bipolar neurons have _____ axon(s) and ______ dendrite(s) arising from the cell body.
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one, one
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Bipolar neurons are often ____sensory or motor?)____ neurons?
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sensory
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True or False: unipolar neurons occur mainly in vertibrates?
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False. Unipolar neuroons occur mainly in invertebrates
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What type of neuron has both axons and dendrites arising from a single process coming from the cell body?
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Unipolar neurons
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A ______ is the gap or space between two neuron structures in which communication occurs.
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synapse
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neurotransmitter receptors; synaptic vesicles; neurotransmitter; presynaptic terminals; post-synaptic
Use these 5 terms to fill in the following blanks: "Chemical _________ molecules, stored mainly in ________, are released from _________. They then bind to __________ on the ________ neuron, giving rise to either excitation or inhibition of the post-synaptic neuron." |
neurotransmitter; synaptic vesicles; presynaptic terminals; neurotransmitter receptors; post-synaptic
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The _______ is transisent voltage change that occurs when excitatory synaptaic inputs combine with endogenous transmembrane currents to sufficiently excite a neuron, lasts about ____ millisecond(s) and can travel rapidly throughout the length of the neuron at rates of up to 60 meters per second.
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action potential, one
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What is the insulating layer of an axon formed by specialized glial cells and speeds the rate of action potential conduction?
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myelin sheath
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Myelin-forming glial cells in the CNS/PNS? are called oligodendrocytes, while in the CNS/PNS? they are called Schwann cells.
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CNS, PNS
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_____________ are short, exposed segments of axon where voltage-gated ion channels are concentrated.
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Nodes of Ranvier
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Conduction from node to node occurs rapidly by a process known as what?
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saltatory conduction
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What are 2 general functions of chemical neurotransmitters?
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mediate rapid communication between neurons through ESPSs and ISPSs, and neuromodulation which generally occurs over a slower time scale and involves signaling cascades
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The _______ neuron summates ESPSs and IPSPs arising from many _________ neuron inputs
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post-synaptic, pre-synaptic
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What do ESPS and ISPS refer to?
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excitatory post-synaptic potential, inhibitory post-synaptic potential
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Glutamate is the most common ______ CNS transmitter. (inhibitory or excitatory?)
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excitatory
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GABA is the most common ______ CNS transmitter. (inhibitory or excitatory?)
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inhibitory
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What is the main transmitter at the neuromuscular junction?
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acetylcholine
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Both aceteylcholine and norepinephrine are important in the _______ nervous system
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autonomic
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What is the only low-molecular-weight amine transmitter substance that is not an amino acid or derived directly from one?
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Acetylcholine
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What is the only transmitter to be synthesized within vesicles?
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Norepinephrine
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Cell bodies of seratonergic neurons are found in and around the _________ of the brain stem, which are involved in regulating _________.
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raphe nuclei; attention and complex cognitive functions
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What neurotransmitter is used by neurons with cell bodies in the locus ceruleus?
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norepinephrine
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Histamine is a transmitter in both invertebrates and vertebrates. It is concentrated in the ________, one of the centers for regulating secretion of hormones.
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hypothalamus
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Which neurotransmitter is used most frequently throughout the nervous system?
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Glutamate
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True or False: neuroactive peptides are removed more quickly than small molecule transmitters from the synaptic cleft.
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False. The slow removal of neuropeptides contributes to the long duration of their effects.
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