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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Brith Rate
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births per 1,000 pop
US:14 |
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Infant mortality rate
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death in first 12 months of life, per 1,000 live births
US: 6.3 |
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Neonatal mortality rate
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death rate of infants in first 28 days of life
US: 4.7% |
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Fetal death rate
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death in utero at ≥ 20 wks gestation
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Perinatal mortality rate
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sum of fetal and neonatal rates
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Maternal mortality rate
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by WHO, death of woman during pregnancy, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy (direct, indirect, late, pregnancy related)
US: 12.1 |
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Reasons for increase in Maternal mortality rate:
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Excessive Bleeding
C-Sections Obesity Women > 35 |
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Leading causes of death for infants in the United States
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1. Congenital malformations and chromosomal abnormalities.
2. Disorders r/t short gestation and low birth weight. 3. SIDs 4. Maternal complication of pregnancy. 5. Complications of placenta, cord, and membranes. 6. Accidents. |
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Healthy People 2010 Maternal and Infant Health Goals
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* Reduction in fetal and infant deaths.
* Increase of maternal prenatal care. *Reduction of cesarean births *Reduce low birth weight and very low birth weight *Increase breastfeeding in mothers *Increase abstinence from alcohol, cigarettes,drugs among pregnant women |
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Nuclear-married or cohabitation
Advantages & Disadvantages |
Advantages:
Small size = more affection/value placed on each member Disadvantages: Few members to share the burden/offer support in crisis |
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Extended Family Type
Advantages & Disadvantages |
Advantages:
Many members to serve as resources and role models. Disadvantages: Family resources ($ & psychologically) may be stretched |
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Single-Parent Family Type
Advantages & Disadvantages |
Advantages:
Special parent-child relationship & increased opportunities for self-reliance/ independence Disadvantages: No back-up person, caregiver & financial strain, difficulty for one parent to cover all roles |
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Blended/ Binuclear Family Type
Advantages & Disadvantages |
Advantages:
Increased security & resources. Exposure to different ways of life Disadvantages: Childrearing problems, rivalry, challenging authority |
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Duvall’s Family Life Cycles
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Stage 1: Beginning families
Stage 2: Child-bearing families Stage 3: Families with preschool children Stage 4: Families with school-aged children Stage 5: Families with teenagers Stage 6: Families launching young adults Stage 7: Middle-aged parents Stage 8: Retirement and old age |
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Assessment of Families
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Family Type & Stage
Structure and function Family roles Level of functioning Cultural associations Religious affiliations Support network Communication patterns Environmental considerations |
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Culture
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A view of the world and traditions that a specific social group uses and transmits to the next generation
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Ethnicity
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Cultural group into which a person was born
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Cultural Values
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Preferred ways of acting based on traditions
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Transcultural nursing
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Nursing care that is guided by cultural aspects and respects individual differences
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Cultural competency requires:
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-Self Awareness
-Understanding of cultural differences -Ability to adapt clinical practices |
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Examples of Complementary Therapies
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Acupuncture
Acupressure Massage therapy |
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Examples of Alternative Therapies
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Magnet therapy
Herbal therapy Aromatherapy |
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Nurse Practiotioners Role
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Deals with normal, healthy pregnancies that are low risk.
Focus on physical and psychosocial assessments Conduct some diagnostic tests and procedures Obtain historical information Perform comprehensive physical examination Make clinical judgments based on assessment data |
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Nursing roles requiring MSN
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Certified Registered Nurse
Nurse Practitioner Clinical Nurse Specialist |
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Nursing roles not requiring MSN
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Certified Nurse Midwife
Professional Nurse |
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Certified Nurse-Midwives
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Educated in 2 disciplines: nursing and midwifery
Manages independently: Client with low-risk pregnancy Normal newborn |
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Clinical Nurse Specialists
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Clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) have master’s degree and specialized knowledge; competent in specific clinical area.
Often work with maternal-newborn clients on various units: Mother-baby units Pediatric units Intensive care units Assist unit staff to provide evidenced-based care |
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Advance Practice Nurses
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APNs- describes nurses by education and practice.
Master degree or higher |
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Acculturation
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the process of adopting the cultural traits or social patterns of another group.
Cheeseburger |
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Assimilation
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The process by which a person or persons acquire the social and psychological characteristics of a group.
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Gestation
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Number of weeks since the first day of the last menstrual period
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Abortion
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Birth occurring before the end of 20 weeks’ gestation
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Term
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Normal duration of pregnancy (38 to 42 weeks’ gestation)
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Antepartum
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Time between conception and the onset of labor
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Intrapartum
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Period from the onset of true labor until the birth of the infant and placenta
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Postpartum
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Time from birth until the woman’s body returns to prepregnant condition
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Preterm or premature labor
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Labor that occurs after 20 weeks’ but before completion of 37 weeks’ gestation
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Nullipara
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Woman who has had no births at more than 20 weeks’ gestation
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Primipara
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Woman who has had one birth at more than 20 weeks’ gestation
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Multipara
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Woman who has had two or more births at more than 20 weeks’ gestation
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Stillbirth
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Infant born dead after 20 weeks’ gestation
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Multigravida
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Woman in second or any subsequent pregnancy
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Gravida
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any pregnancy, including present.
Nulligravida: never been pregnant Primigravida: in first pregnancy Multigravida: 2nd or more pregnancy |
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Para
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birth after 20 wks gestation (before 20 wks: spontaneous abortion (SAB))
Multiples such as twins are counted as ONE birth |
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TPAL
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T = # of term infants born (37 wks+)
P = # of preterm infants (> 20, < 37 wks) A = # pregnancies ending in spontaneous or therapeutic abortion (SAB/TAB) L = # of currently living children |