Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is niacin soluble in?
|
water soluble
|
|
what does niacin do to VLDL?
|
this inhibits VLDL secretion by the liver
|
|
how does niacin affect HDL?
|
this increases levels of HDL (good cholesterol()
|
|
What disease is niacin best at treating?
|
heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
|
|
What are the main adverse effects of Niacin administration?
|
Impaired glucose tolerance
hepatotoxicity |
|
What are the fibric acid derivatives, and what is their common naming element?
|
they all have Fibro, or Fibra in them
Gemfibrozil Clofibrate Fenofibrate |
|
How do fibric acid derivatives work?
|
These act as a ligand for nuclear PPAR-alpha
|
|
What are the effects of fibric acid?
|
Increase LPL activity, increasing VLDL destruction
Lower TAG's (from lower VLDL) Inhibits hepatic cholesterolgenesis |
|
how are fibric acid derivatives given?
|
these have oral absorption
1.5 hour half life |
|
What two disease are fibric acids useful in treating?
|
familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (cannot clear LDL)
Hypertriglyceridemia |
|
What two diseases are fibric acids NOT useful in treating?
|
primary chylomicronemia
familial hypercholesterolemia |
|
What are the main adverse effects of fibric acids ?
|
rash, GI, arrhythmias, hypokalemia
increased aminotransferase, alkaline phosphokinase more gallstones |
|
What is the common name for all the Bile acid binding resins?
|
cole-
|
|
How doe Bile acid binding resins work?
|
these all bind bile acids in the intestines and prevent their reabsorption.
less bile acid reuptake stimulates more LDL receptor expression, causing more LDL breakdown |
|
When are bile acid binding resins taken?
|
these are supposed to be taken with food
|
|
What situations are bile acid binding resins effective in?
|
whenever LDL is high.
hypercholesterolemia hyperlipoproteinemia |
|
What are the common side effects of bile acid binding resins?
|
constipation and bloating
steatorrhea |
|
What drugs can bile acid binding resins impair?
|
digitalis
thiazides tetracycline thyroxine aspirin |
|
What are the common names of all HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors?
|
-statins
|
|
What two statins need to be hydrolyzed before they are active?
|
lovastatin
simvastatin |
|
What three statins are already active when given?
|
atorvastatin
fluvastatin pravastatin |
|
How do statins work?
|
These increase high-affinity LDL receptors, by inhibiting reductase
|
|
What are the side beneficial effects of statin drugs?
|
reduce CRP
increase NO production increase plaque stability reduce lipoprotein oxidation (which leads to reduced plaque formation) decrease platelet aggregation |
|
What are the pharmcokinetics of statins?
|
high first pass metabolism
given the evening |
|
what are statins best at treating?
|
elevated LDL
|
|
What is the major adverse effect of statins?
|
can cause liver damage
contraindicated in pregnancy |
|
What drugs increase plasma concentrations of statins?
|
macrolines, cyclosporine, ketoconazole, verapamil, ritonavir
|
|
what drugs decrease plasma concentrations of statins?
|
phenytoin, griseofulvin, barbituates, rifampin
|
|
What juice enhances statin bioavailability?
|
grapefruit juice
|
|
what inhibits statin metabolism?
|
gemfibrozil
|
|
What does Ezetimibe do?
|
the blocks intestinal absorption of cholesterol and phytosterols
|
|
How is Ezetimibe given?
|
this is usually given with statins to have significant LDL reductions vs. monotherapy of either
|
|
How does Orlistat work?
|
this inhibits pancreatic lipase, so no TAGs get broken down in the guts
|
|
What is Orlistat used for?
|
weight loss
|
|
What are the hillarious side effects of Orlistat?
|
oily stools, diarrhea, and malabsorption of fat soluble vitamins
|