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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
acquisition
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the original input of information in a learning or memory experiment
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amnesia
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loss of memory due to concussion or other injury
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animal cognition
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theoretical constructs and models used to explain aspects of behavior that cannot be readily characterized in terms of simple s-r or reflex mechanisms. these mechanisms do not require consciousness, awareness, or intentionality.
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cognitive ethology
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a branch of ethology that assumes that consciousness, awareness, and intentionality can be inferred from the complexity, flexibility, and cleverness of certain forms of behavior
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delayed matching to sample
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a procedure in which participants are reinforced for responding to a test stimulus that is the same as a sample stimulus that was presented some time earlier
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directed forgetting
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forgetting that occurs because of a stimulus (a forget cue) that indicates that working memory will not be tested on that trial. directed forgetting is an example of the stimulus control of memory.
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memory
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a term used to characterize instances in which an organism's current behavior is determined by some aspect of its previous experience
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memory consolidation
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the establishment of a memory in relatively permanent form, or the transfer or information from short-term to long-term memory
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proactive interference
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disruption of memory caused by exposure to stimuli before the event to be remembered
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procedural memory
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memory that mediates the learning of behavioral and cognitive skills that are performed automatically, without conscious control, often reflecting knowledge about invariant relationships in the environment, such as cs-us contiguity or response-reinforcer contiguity.
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prospective memory
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memory for an expected future event or response
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reference memory
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long-term retention of background information necessary for successful use of incoming and recently acquired information
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rehearsal
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a theoretical process whereby information is maintained in an active state, available to influence behavior and/or the processing of other information
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retention interval
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the time between acquisition of information and a test of memory for that information
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retrieval
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the recovery of information from a memory state
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retrieval cues
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a stimulus related to an experience that facilitates the recall of other information related to that experience
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retrieval failure
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a deficit in recovering information form a memory store
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retroactive interference
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disruption of memory caused by exposure to stimuli following the event to be remembered
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retrograde amnesia
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a gradient of memory loss going back in time from the occurrence of a major injury or physiological disturbance. amnesia is greatest for events that took place closest to the time of injury.
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retrospective memory
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memory for a previously experienced event
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simultaneous matching to sample
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a procedure in which participants are reinforced for responding to a test stimulus that is the same as a sample stimulus. the sample and the test stimuli are presented at the same time
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stimulus coding
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how a stimulus is represented in memory
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trace decay hypothesis
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the theoretical idea that exposure to a stimulus produces changes in the nervous system that gradually and automatically decrease after the stimulus has been terminated
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trials-unique procedure
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a matching-to-sample procedure in which different sample and comparison stimuli are used on each trial
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working memory
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short-term retention of information that is needed for successful responding on the task at hand but not on subsequent or previous similar tasks.
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