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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Psychology |
The science of behavior and mental processes |
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Experimental psychologist |
Psychologists who do research on basic psychological processes - as contrasted with applied psychologists. Experimental psychologists are also called research psychologists |
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Teachers of psychology |
Psychologist whose primary job is teaching, typically and high schools, colleges, and universities |
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Applied psychologists |
Psychologist who use the knowledge developed by experimental psychologist s to solve your own problems |
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Psychiatry |
Medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders |
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Pseudo psychology |
Erroneous assertions or practices set forth as being scientific psychology |
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Critical thinking skills |
What is the source? Is the claim reasonable or extreme? What is the evidence? Could bias contaminate the conclusion? Does the reasoning avoid common fallacies? Does the issue require multiple perspectives? |
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Anecdotal evidence |
First hand accounts that vividly describe the experience of one or a few people, but may erroneously be assumed to be scientific evidence |
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Emotional bias |
The tendency to make judgements based on attitudes and feelings, rather than on the basis of rational analysis of the evidence |
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Confirmation bias |
The tendency to attend to evidence that complement and confirms our beliefs expectations, while ignoring evidence that does not |
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Biological perspective |
The psychological perspective that searches for the causes of behavior in the functioning of genes, the brain and nervous system, and the endocrine or hormonal system |
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Neuroscience |
The field devoted to understanding how the brain creates thoughts, feelings, motives, consciousness, memories, and other mental processes |
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Evolutionary psychology |
Inevitably new specialty in psychology that sees behavior and mental processes in terms of their genetic adaptations for survival and reproduction |
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Introspection |
The process of reporting on one's own conscious mental experience |
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Structuralism |
Historical school psychology devoted to uncovering the basic structures that make up mind and thought. |
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Functionalism |
Historical school of psychology that believed mental processes can be best understood in terms of their adaptive purpose and function |
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Necker Cube |
An ambiguous two-dimensional figure of a cube that can be seen from different perspective |
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Cognitive perspective |
Another of the main psychological viewpoints distinguished by an emphasis on mental processes, such as learning, memory, perception, and thinking, as forms of information processing |
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Behaviorism |
Historical school as well as a modern perspective what has Sause to make psychology and objective science by focusing only on behavior - to the exclusion of mental processes |
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Behavioral perspective |
Psychological viewpoint that finds the source of our actions and environmental stimuli rather than an in their mental processes |
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Psychodynamic psychology |
The clinical approach emphasizing the understanding of mental disorders and terms of unconscious needs, desires, memories, and conflicts |
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Psychoanalysis |
An approach to psychology based on Sigmund Freud's assertions, which emphasize unconscious processes. The term is used to refer broadly to pose to Freud's psychoanalytic theory into the psychoanalytic treatment method |
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Whole person perspective |
A group of psychological perspectives that take a global view of the person: included are psychodynamic psychology, humanistic psychology psychology, and trait and temperament psychology |
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Humanistic psychology |
A clinical approach emphasizing human ability, growth, potential, and free will |
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Trait and temperament psychology |
A psychological perspective that views behavior and personality of the products of enduring psychological characteristics |
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Developmental perspective |
One of the six main psychological viewpoints, distinguished by its emphasis on nature and nurture and unpredictable changes that occur across the lifespan |
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Sociocultural perspective |
I'm a psychological viewpoint emphasizing the importance of social interaction, social learning, and culture in explaining human behavior |
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Culture |
A complex blend of language, beliefs, customs, values, and traditions developed by a group of people and shared with others in the same environment |
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Cross cultural psychology |
Go to work in the specialty I'm interested in how psychological processes may differ among people of different cultures |
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What questions can scientific method not answer |
Questions based on Essex, values, morality, preferences, aesthetics, existential issues, religion, and law |
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Scientific method |
A four step process for empirical investigation of the hypothesis under conditions designed to control biases and subjective judgments |
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Empirical investigation |
An approach to research that relies on sensory experience and observation as research data |
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Theory |
A testable explanation for a set of facts or observations. In science of theory is not just speculation or a guest |
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Hypothesis |
A statement predicting the outcome of a scientific study: a statement predicting the relationship among variables in a study |
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Operational definition |
Objective descriptions of concepts involved in a scientific study. May restate concepts to be studied in behavioural terms. Also specify the procedures used to produce and measure important variables under investigation |
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Replicate |
Refers to doing a study of over to see whether the same results are obtained. |
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Experiment |
A kind of research in which the researcher controls all the conditions and directly manipulates the conditions, including the independent variable |
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Independent variable |
A stimulus condition so named because the experimental changes it independently of all the other carefully controlled experimental conditions |
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Dependent variable |
The measured outcome of our study: the response of the subjects in a study |
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Experimental group |
Participants in an experiment who are exposed to the treatment of interest |
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Control group |
Participants who are used as a comparison for the experimental group. The control group is not given the special treatment of interest |
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Random assignment |
A process used to assign individuals to various experimental conditions by chance alone |
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Correlational study |
A form of research in which the relationship between variables of studies, but without the experimental manipulation of an independent variable. Correlational studies cannot determine cause and effect relationships |
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Naturalistic observation |
A form of descriptive research involving behavioral assessment of people or animals in their natural |