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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the influence of christianity on hinduism
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christianity was brought to india by the disciple Thomas in the first century ce. since has influenced hinduism in many ways
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the life and influence of gandhi
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lawywer influenced by buddhism, jainism and hinduism. non-violence, ahisma, social reform, one god and teachings from christian gospels
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who was influened by gandhi?
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martin luther king, thoreau, and civil rights movements by his teachings
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holi
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most popular hindu festival, dedicated to krishna. once a fertility ceremony, it celebrates spring and destruction of demons. caste andd taboo restrictions are lifted so that pleasure is emphasized
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divali
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hindu- festival of lights welcomes the new year. there are pilgrimages to sites connected to the goddess kali(shiva's consort, and the goddess lakshima brings prospreity and good fortune to any houde lit with a lamp
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dashehra
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this nine day october festival celebrates durga's9a consort of shiva) victory over the buffalo demon. parades, dancing, and gift giving mark this celebration
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problems of hinduism today
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must deal with issues of birth control and urban problrms. tesion between hindus and muslims. beginning of hindu fundamentalism and theocracy in 1990, problems with sikhs; wasrs over religion
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the spread of buddhism from india to east asia
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began in india in the 6th century bce as another branch of hinduism. missionaries were sentto asain countries; strongly embraced in china, japan,korea and south east asia
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siddhartha guatama and his early life
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was born in gautama clan in 6th century bce into kshatriya(warrior) class. prophet predicted his life events
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siddhatha gautama's acheivement of enlightenment
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realizing that all of life is passing, we cannot attach to anything, adopts the middle way, against asceticism
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define the "sangha"
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the budda's monostatic orders. anyone can be enlightend, not just males and priests. against animal sacrifices and rejected the vedas
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the buddha's teaching about the gods
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only mortal beings subjected to the laws of karma and rebirth. no need to appeal to the gods. individuals are resposible for their own rebirth
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the buddha's teaching about the soul
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it does not exist
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no soul
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anatman
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humans are merely made up of five skandas
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body, feelings, understanding, will, and consciouness
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right views, right intervention, right speech, right action, rightllivlihood, right effort, right mindfulness and right concentration
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the eight components of the eightfold path
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all of life is suffering. we suffer, because we desire. stop desiring, reach nirvana. follow the eightfold path
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the four noble truths
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nirvana
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meaning "extinction" it is the end of desire or "tanah". at death, release from this world to total nothingness, bliss
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hinyana "the exclusive way" or theravadam buddhism "the tradition of the elders"the more conservative of the two and eclusive. and mayayana "the expansive way" more liberal involved in proselytizing, less exlusive
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the two major wings of buddha
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asoka and his rolew in the development of buddhism
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an emporer who was the greatest impetus in the spread of buddhism throughout india. in 247 bce he called a council to determinean authoritative list of buddhist scripture
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more conservative. believed to be the closest to the teachings of suddhatha. achieve enlightenment without the help og gods. meditation and self-denial.home is sanha. located primarily in southeat asia. yelloe robes, shaved heads, etc..
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therevada buddhism
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three principles that bagan to develop in mayana buddhism
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secret teachings. buddha was divine. thre are many buddhas
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from mayayana buddhism... like hindu avatars that come into the world to help humans. they take vows, live a good life and postpone nirvana so they can come to earth and help. seen as savior figures
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bodhisattvas
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the pure land sect of buddhism
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faith in amitabha buddha and to live a vituous life. repeating of the buddhists name was practiced and believed to result in the attainment of nirvana
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the founding of the intuitive sects (zen or chen) of buddhism
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truth found in meditation "dhyana"
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the teachingsof zen buddhism
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must come from meditation and insight. must come through the individual. study and monostatic practices are good, but truth will come from within. reason is to be distrusted. uses koans (riddles) to teach truth
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during 6th century, use of scripture and rational mind for truth. understood the buddha taught doctrines
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the ratioanilist (tendai) sect
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also called the "nicherin or sun lotus" sect. study only the lotus sutra for truth. only nicherin was teaching truth. taught japanese patriatism
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the sociopolitical sect
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manuals that teach magic
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tantras
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the distinctive features of tibetin, or tantric buddhism
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use of magical words and symbols; incantations ans spells for protection; eroticism "om, the jewel in the lotus, hum" prayer wheels
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"superior one"
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lama
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the dalai lama
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leader of the yellow hat group and ruler of tibet. spiritual and temporal leader. in exile since chinese occupation in 1959.in exile, his work was carried on in north america, india,and europe, nobel peace prize
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four buddhists festivals and holy days
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new year- 3day carnival,2 days cleansing, 1 day rededication. buddha's birthday. festival of souls- release of souls from purgatory. robe offering- missionaries under emporer asoka
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adopting more than one religion at a time
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syncretistic
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chinese traditions of multiple gods or spirits
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ancient chinese were polytheists and animistic did sacrifices to spirits of heavan and earth. also performed human sacrifices
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chinese local deities
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shen
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chinese eveil spirits
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kuei
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represents the negative, dark, cool, female, earth moon and shadows
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yin
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represents the positive, light, warm, male, dryness ans sun
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yang
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balances between two forces (chinese)
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yin and yang
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more conservative. believed to be the closest to the teachings of suddhatha. achieve enlightenment without the help og gods. meditation and self-denial.home is sanha. located primarily in southeat asia. yelloe robes, shaved heads, etc..
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therevada buddhism
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three principles that bagan to develop in mayana buddhism
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secret teachings. buddha was divine. thre are many buddhas
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from mayayana buddhism... like hindu avatars that come into the world to help humans. they take vows, live a good life and postpone nirvana so they can come to earth and help. seen as savior figures
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bodhisattvas
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the pure land sect of buddhism
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faith in amitabha buddha and to live a vituous life. repeating of the buddhists name was practiced and believed to result in the attainment of nirvana
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the founding of the intuitive sects (zen or chen) of buddhism
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truth found in meditation "dhyana"
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the teachingsof zen buddhism
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must come from meditation and insight. must come through the individual. study and monostatic practices are good, but truth will come from within. reason is to be distrusted. uses koans (riddles) to teach truth
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during 6th century, use of scripture and rational mind for truth. understood the buddha taught doctrines
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the ratioanilist (tendai) sect
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also called the "nicherin or sun lotus" sect. study only the lotus sutra for truth. only nicherin was teaching truth. taught japanese patriatism
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the sociopolitical sect
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manuals that teach magic
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tantras
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the distinctive features of tibetin, or tantric buddhism
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use of magical words and symbols; incantations ans spells for protection; eroticism "om, the jewel in the lotus, hum" prayer wheels
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the traditional chinese attitude toward parents and other ancestors
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respect and veneration of elders. after death must maintain gravesites and do proper sacrifices. elderly considered wise. living must do sacrifices to ensure that the ancestors will continue to help the family. shrines with wine and rice in homes to commemorate the dead
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(book of changes) 64 hexagons
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i ching
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was formaly a patron ancestor of the shang dynasty. was responsible for the fall of the shang dynasty, because of its immortality. introduced to the culture in 11th century ce a belief in one Supreme God.
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shang ti with the chou dynasty
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book of documents that tells how shang ti loved sacrifices, but morality was what was really important
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shu ching
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no certain bodies of doctrines or rituals; origins have been lost; little is known of its founder; more of a philosophy
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taoism
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also called li-po-yang, meaning "old boy". keeper of the records in court of chou dynasty. asked to write down all of his wisdom in this book when he tried to retire and leave
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"tao te ching"
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the theme of the tao te ching
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most influential book next to the "analects". also called "the classic of the way and its power of virtue" 5,000 words, 8 chapters of poetry
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all human achievements are folly, esp governement. thought to have been written in reaction to the legalists and confucians
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tao te ching
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collected taoist material and tried to conceive the chinese to adopt these teachings over those of confucius
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lao tzu
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four main teachings of teh early taoists
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1) tao - "the way" the world works. mysterious flow-just go with it - dont try to figure it out or work against it. 2) life is the greatest of all possessions. enrich life- dont get hung up on fleeting things such as achievement. 3) live simply 4)despise pomp and glory
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the three groups that were rivals of early taoism
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1) confuciuns- idealized the feudal system 2) legalist - called realist. strong leadership. humans are lazy and left to their own devices will do wrong. must control people 3) mohists - disciples of mo-tzu in 5thc. gov't by traditional chinese religion. should operate from a position of love. people are virtually good.
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practice of fasting and breath control. dietary regulations- some live on saliva and air alone. later, practice morality and good deeds
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toists efforts of immortality
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the first god in taoism
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alchemy- god of stove
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han dynasty
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the religion of taoism began with the use of temples and shrines
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born 551bce(6thc). probably an atheist. never tried to start a religion. famous teacher knwon as "kung the master". well educated. worked in gov't for duke of lu as a prime minister. best gov't leader of all times
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confucius
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confucius was not concerned with gods, but with what?
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society and good government
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confucius' probable beliefs abou the gods
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ok to worship god, but what was really important was a social order of equlity. prayer should not interfere with social duties. keep spirits at a distance, more intereted in ethics
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"propriety," "rites," "good manners"-towards others will result in proper functioning of society. genteel manners. an OUTWARD expression that originated from the concept of a grain of wood or pattern in jade, it is the course of life as it is intended
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the principle of li
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the five basic relationships
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1) father/son- fiial piety, kindness in father/respect in son 2)elder brother/younger brother- gentility/humility 3)husband/wife- righteousness/obedience 4) elder/junior- consideration/deference 5)ruler/subject- benevolence/loyalty
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an INWARD expression of love, goodness, humanheartedness
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jen
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