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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Rape
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sexual intercourse that can include psychological and physiological coercion
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Physical Coercion
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forced vaginal, anal, or oral penetration
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Psychological Coercion
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pressuring someone who has not consented to sexual activity or taking advantage of someone because of intellectual abilities, intoxication, or age
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Sexual Assault
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any type of sexual contact or behavior that occurs without the consent of the recipient or unwanted sexual activity, which includes unwanted penetration, forced oral sex, masturbation, touching, fondling, or kissing, as well as, forcing someone to view sexually explicit materials
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Reasons victims do not report rape
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shameful, guilty, embarrassed or humiliated and do not want people to know; worry that their reports will not be taken seriously, their confidentiality will not be maintained, or the attacker will retaliate; and may not feel comfortable reporting because they know their attacker
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Demographics of majority of rapists
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male, young, single, and between the ages of 15 and 30.
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Characteristics of male rapists
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have sexist views about women; accept myths about rape; have low self-esteem; are politically conservative; have been the victim of past sexual abuse; used violent and degrading pornography while holding negative views of women; had overwhelmingly negative early interpersonal experiences, largely with their fathers; and tend to be later born to older mothers and fathers.
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Type of rapes
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Power rapists are motivated by domination and control.
Anger rapists use anger in overt ways (macho image, force, weapon). Sadistic rapists are motivated by sexual and aggressive fantasies. |
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Rapist Psychopathology: Disease Model
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either disease or intoxication forces men to rape and that if they did not experience these conditions, they would not rape
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Victim Precipitation Theory: Blaming the Victim
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The theory focuses on the victim and ignores the motivations of the attacker, which shifts the responsibility from the person who knowingly attacked to the innocent victim.
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Feminist Theory: Keeping Women in Their Place
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rape and the threat of rape are used in society to keep women in their place
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Sociological Theory: Balance of Power
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expression of power differentials in society
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Evolutionary Theory: Product of Evolution
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men and women have developed differing reproductive strategies in which men desire frequent mating to spread their seed, and women are designed to protect their eggs and be more selective in choosing mates
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Primary cultural factors that affect incidence of rape
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relations between the sexes, the status of women, and male attitudes.
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Rape Trauma Syndrome
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two-stage stress response pattern characterized by physical, psychological, behavioral, or a combination of these, and it occurs after forced, non-consenting, sexual activity.
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Acute phase of RTS
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begins immediately following the assault, may last from days to weeks, and involves several stress-related symptoms (shock, fear, anger)
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Long-term reorganization phase of RTS
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restoring order in the victim’s lifestyle and reestablishing control.
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Silent rape reaction
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type of trauma syndrome in which a rape victim never talks to anyone after the rape
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Avoidance strategies
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Humanization, verbal strategies, escape, self-defense classes
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First thing for men to do in treatment
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accept responsibility for their actions.
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Sexual abuse of children
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sexual behavior that occurs between an adult and a child
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Sexual abuse of children behavior
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inappropriate touch, removing a child’s clothing, genital fondling, masturbation, digital penetration with fingers or sex toys, oral sex, vaginal or anal intercourse
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Incest
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sexual contact between persons who are related to, or have a caregiving relationship with, a child or adolescent
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Reported rates are child sexual abuse are lower for males than females
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1) boys believe they must be self-reliant and may feel they should be able to handle it; 2) male sexual abuse is entwined with the stigma of homosexuality, because most offenders are male and; 3) boys have much to lose because they often have more freedom in society than girls.
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Dissociative disorder
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psychological condition that involves a disturbance of memory, identity, and consciousness,
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Traumatic sexualization
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child displays compulsive sex play or masturbation and shows an inappropriate amount of sexual knowledge
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Child molester characteristics
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poor social skills, lower IQs, unhappy family histories, lower self-esteem, and less happiness in their lives than nonmolesters.
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most effective treatment for victims of child sexual abuse
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combination of cognitive and behavioral psychotherapies, which teach victims how to understand and handle the trauma of their assaults more effectively.
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Intimate partner violence
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coercive behavior that uses threats, harassment, or intimidation, and can involve physical, emotional, or sexual abuse.
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Sexual harassment
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unwanted sexual attention from someone in school or the workplace
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Types of sexual harassment
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unwelcome sexual jokes, glances, or comments, or the use of status or power to coerce or attempt to coerce a person into having sex
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Quid pro quo harassment
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submission to a particular type of conduct, either explicitly or implicitly, to get education or employment.
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Hostile environment harassment
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individual is subjected to unwelcome repeated sexual comments, innuendoes, or visually offensive material or touching that creates a hostile environment and interferes with school or work
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Paraphilia
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sexual behaviors that involve a craving for an erotic object that is unusual or different
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Features of paraphilias
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-recurrent, intense, sexually arousing fantasies,
-sexual urges or behaviors, -generally involves nonhuman objects or, -the suffering or humiliation of oneself or one’s partner, a child, or a non-consenting person. |
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Biological theory of paraphilia
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temporal lobe epilepsy, brain tumors, and disturbances of the brain
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Psychoanalytical theory of paraphilia
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traced back to the difficulty the infant has to negotiate the Oedipal crisis and castration anxiety
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Developmental theory of paraphilia
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due to auditory, tactile, and especially visual stimuli experienced during childhood sex play that form a template in the brain that defines our ideal love and ideal sexual situation.
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Fetishism
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Primary or exclusive focus of sexual arousal and orgasm on an inanimate object or body part not usually associated with the sex act.
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Sadism
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intentional infliction of physical or psychological pain (e.g., humiliation) on another person as the preferred or exclusive method to achieve sexual arousal or orgasm
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Sadistic fantasies include...
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restraint, beating, burning, spanking, whipping, among others
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Masochism
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sexual pleasure preferably or exclusively through one’s own physical pain or psychological humiliation as the method of sexual arousal and orgasm
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Sadomasochism (S&M)
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sexual activities of partners in which one takes a dominant, “master,” position, and the other takes a submissive, “slave,” position
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Exhibitionism
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exposing one’s genitals, nudity, or sexuality to strangers as a preferred or exclusive means of sexual arousal and orgasm
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Scatolophilia
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form of exhibitionism in which sexual arousal is obtained from obscene telephone calls
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Voyeurism
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main means of sexual gratification involve watching unsuspecting persons undressing, naked, or engaging in sexual activity
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pedophilia
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sex with children as a preferred or exclusive mode of sexual interaction in an adult (child molestation, child sexual abuse).
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ephebephilia
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Attraction to postpubertal boys and girls
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Most common in pedophilia
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fondling and exhibitionismhan penetration.
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Frotteurism
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intense and recurrent fantasy or behavior that involves touching and rubbing the genitals against a nonconsenting person in a crowded place
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toucherism
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compulsively touching with the hands
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zoophilia
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sexual attraction to animals in fantasy or through sexual contact
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Necrophilia
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sexual attraction to dead bodies in fantasy or through sexual contact as a preferred or exclusive means of sexual arousal or orgasm
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Assessment of paraphilia
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Behavioral observation
Personality inventory Physiological test Penile plethysmography |
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Treatment of paraphilia
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include individual, group, family therapy; medication; education; and self-help groups
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Most important goal of paraphilia therapy
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Change person's behavior
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Sexual addiction
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compulsive sexual behavior, characterized by recurrent and intense sexual urges, fantasies, and behaviors that typically interfere with daily functioning
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Psychological problems in dysfunction
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Performance fears, or not being able to perform during sexual behavior; excessive need to please a partner; and spectatoring, acting as an observer or judge of one’s own sexual performance, interfere with sexual functioning
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Physical problems in dysfunction
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Disease, disability, illness and commonly used drugs, as well as, use of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, LSD, and cocaine can lead to sexual dysfunction
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Primary sexual dysfunction
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one that always existed
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Secondary sexual dysfunction
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one that occurs after a period of adequate or normal sexual functioning
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Situational sexual dysfunction
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difficulty that occurs only in specific situations
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Global sexual dysfunction
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occurs in every sexual situation, during every type of sexual activity, and with every sexual partner
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Hypoactive sexual desire
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sexual dysfunction in which a person experiences diminished or absent sexual interest or desire
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Primary hypoactive sexual desire
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lifelong complete disinterest in sex
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Secondary hypoactive sexual desire
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that was normal for a certain period of time but then diminished
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Hypoactive sexual desire - psychological factors
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lack of attraction to one’s partner, fear of intimacy or pregnancy, marital or relationship conflicts, religious concerns, depression, and other psychological disorders
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Hypoactive sexual desire - biological causes
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hormonal problems, medication side effects, and illness
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Treatment for hypoactive sexual desire
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Sex and marital therapy
Cognitive-Behavioral therapy Pharmacological drugs |
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Sexual Aversion
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persistent or recurrent extreme aversion to and avoidance of all genital contact
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Primary sexual aversion
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negative response to sexual interactions from earliest memory to the present
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Secondary sexual aversion
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involves a period of pleasurable and desirable sexual activity before the aversion started
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Treatment for Sexual Aversion
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discovering and resolving the underlying conflict that contributes to the sexual aversion
& Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy |
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Female Sexual Arousal Disorder (FSAD)
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persistent or recurrent inability to either obtain or maintain an adequate lubrication response of sexual excitement
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Physiological factor of Female Sexual Arousal Disorder
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decreased blood flow to the vulva
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Psychological factors of Female Sexual Arousal Disorder
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fear, guilt, anxiety, and depression.
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Persistent Sexual Arousal Disorder
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women experience persistent sexual arousal
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Male Erectile Disorder
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persistent diminished or absent ability to attain or maintain an erection until completion of the sexual activity
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Physiological factors of male erectile Disorder
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persistent diminished or absent ability to attain or maintain an erection until completion of the sexual activity
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Psychological factors of male erectile disorder
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fear of failure and performance anxiety
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Female Orgasmic Disorder
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a delay or absence of orgasm following a normal phase of sexual excitement
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Primary orgasmic disorder
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never having had an orgasm
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Secondary orgasmic disorder
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the ability to have an orgasm previously but later having trouble
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situational orgasmic disorder
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the ability to only have orgasms with only one type of stimulation.
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Physical factors of sexual orgasm disorders
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severe chronic illness and disorders such as diabetes, neurological problems, hormonal deficiencies, and alcoholism
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Psychological factors of sexual orgasm disorder
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less relationship satisfaction, less emotional closeness, and difficulty to ask the partner for direct clitoral stimulation
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Treatment for sexual orgasmic disorder
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teach woman to masturbate
System desensitization Bibliotherapy |
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Systematic Desensitization
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neutralizing the anxiety-producing aspects of sexual situations and behavior by a process of gradual exposure
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Bibliotherapy
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use of books and educational materials
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Premature ejaculation
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reaching an orgasm just prior to, or directly following, penetration
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Treatment for premature ejaculation
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behavioral cognitive therapy, drug treatments, and two behavioral techniques- the squeeze technique, and the stop-start techniques.
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Retarded ejaculation
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ejaculation is impossible or occurs only after strenuous efforts (30-45 minutes)
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Retrograde ejaculation
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the backward flow of ejaculate into the bladder instead of released through the urethra
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Psychological factors of ejaculatory dysfunction
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trict upbringing, unique or atypical masturbation patterns, fear of pregnancy, or ambivalence over sexual orientation
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Physical factors of ejaculatory dysfunction
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medications, drug use, diseases, injuries, and various urological surgeries
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Vaginismus
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to involuntary spasms of the muscle around the entrance to the vagina that controls the vaginal opening that makes penetration during sexual intercourse virtually impossible
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Dyspareunia
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painful intercourse, may before, during, or after sexual intercourse and when extreme may make sexual intercourse difficult, if not impossible
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Physical factors for vulvar vestibulus
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allergies
infections |
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Psychological factors for vulvar vestibulus
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performance anxiety
fear of intimacy |
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Treatment for vulvodynia
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psychotherapy
biofeedback surgery Counseling |