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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
+A body acted upon by a balanced force system is ewuilibrium +resultant is equal zero +action & reaction forces bet. Two particles are always equal and oppositely directed |
Static equilibrium |
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The action of one body upon another *due to direct contact *due to magnetic or gravitarional attraction *generated by moving bodies - inertia force |
Force |
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Is a single force, a couple, or a force and a couple which acting alone will produce the same effect as the force system |
Resultant |
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State that the external effect of a force on a body upon is independent of the point of application of the force but the same for all points along its line of action |
Principle of transmissibility |
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Is an arrangement of any two or more forces that act on a body or a group of related bodies |
Force sytem |
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A sketch of a body showing the forces exerted by other bodies on the one being considered |
Free body diagram (FBD) |
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Concurrent force having the same line of action, the vector sum of which is the algebraic sum of the magnitudes of the forces, acting along the same line of action |
Collinear forces |
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Forces that operate in a single plane |
Coplanar forces |
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Forces having lines of action intersecting at a commom point |
Concurrent forces |
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The proposition that the vector sum of two concurrent forces csn be described by the diagonal of a parallelogram having adjacent sides which represent the two force vectors being added |
Parallelogram law |
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A single vector equivalent to and peoducing the same affect on a body as the application of two or more given vectors Also called resultant |
Vector sum |
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*Load is acting parallel to member axis *stress is uniform for homogenous sections. *Due to tension-tends to elongate the body *due to compression-tends to shorten the body |
Axial deformation |
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Stress due to a bending moment about the perpendicular axis of the member |
Bending |
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Stress due to load acting perpendicular to member axis |
Shear |
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Stress due to moment about the member axis |
Torsion |
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Stress due to direct contact between two bodies |
Bearing |
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Is an articulated structure composed of links or bars assumed to be connected by frictionless pin at the joints and arranged so that an area enclosed within the boundaries of the strucrure is diveded by the bars into geometric figures which are usually triangles |
Truss |
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Maximum force per unit area that may be safety applid to solid |
Allowable stress |
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Pratt truss Howe Truss Fink truss Modified fink truss Bowstring truss Cresent truss |
For roofs |
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Through pratt truss Through howe truss Deck warren truss Through warren subdivided K truss Lattice/parker/baltimore |
For bridges |
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Internal stress caused by compressive force |
Bearing stress |
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Usually a horizontal or nearly horizontal element carrying a stress primary due to shear and flexture. It usually carry a load directly from thr floor |
Beams & Girders |
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Is a structure in which the reaction compoments & internal stresses can be completely determined using the equations of static ewuilibrium |
Determinate structure |
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The extent of space bet. Two supports of a structure |
Span |
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The distance bet. The inner faces of the supports of a span |
Clear span |
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The center to center distance bet. The supports of a span |
Effective span |
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An external moment tending moment tending to cause part of structure to rotate or bend, equal to the algebra sum of the moments about the neutral axis of the section under consideration |
Bending moment |
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The perpendicular distance a spanning member deviates from a true course under transverse loading, increasing w/ load & span and decreasing w/ an increase in the moment if inerta of the section or the modulus of elasticity of the material |
Deflection |
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An internal moment equal and opposite ro a bending moment, generated by a force couple to maintain equilibrium of the section being considered |
Resisting moment |
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A slight convex curvature intentionally built into a beam, girder,or truss to compensate for an anticipated deflection |
Camber |
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An external shear force at a cross section of a beam or other member subject to bending, equal to the algebraic sum of transverse force on one side of the section |
Transverse shear |
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An imaginary line passing through the centroid of the cross section of a beam or other member subject to bending, along which no bending stress occur |
Neutral axis |
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A combination of compressive & tension stresses developed at a cross section of a structural member to resist a transverse force, having a max. Value at the surface furthest from the neutral axis |
Bending stress |
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The shearing stress developed along a cross section of a beam to resist transverse shear, havung max. value at the neutral axis and decreasing nonlinearly toward the outer faces |
Vertical shearing stress |
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The shearing stress developed to prevent slippage along longitudinal planes of a beam under transverse loading, equal at any point to the vertical shearing stress at the point. Also called longitudinal shearing stress |
Horizontal shearing stress |
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A formula defining the relationship between bending moment |
Flexure formula |
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A skeletal structure of relatively slender members designed to give shape and support to a building or other construction |
Frame |
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A structural frame whose resistance to lateral forces is provided by diagonal or other type of bracing |
Brace frame |
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A structural frame whose resistance to lateral forces is provided by diagonal or other type of bracing |
Brace frame |
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A structural frame of linear members rigidly connected at their joints. Applied loads produces axial, bending, & shear forces in all members of the frame since the rigid joints restrain the ends of the members from rotating freely. |
Rigid frame |
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A rigid frame is statically indeterminate and rigid only in its plane |
Moment resisting frame |
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A rigid frame connected to its supports w/ pin joints. |
Hinged frame |
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A structured assembly of two rigid sections connected to each other and to its supports w/ pin joints |
Three hinged frame |
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A virtual hinge that develops when all fibers are fully yielded at a cross section of a structural member |
Plastic hinge |
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A rigid frame connected to its supports w/ fixed joints |
Fixed frame |
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The lateral displacement produced in a rigid frame by lateral loads or asymmetrical vertical loading |
Sidesway |
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A building constructed w/ a steep triangular frame resting directly on a foundation |
A-frame |
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A frame beam structure having vertical web members rigidly connected to parallel top & bottom chords |
Vierendeel truss |
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The junction of the top and either of the uprights of a bent |
Knee |
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A braced or rigid frame designed to carry vertical and lateral loads transverse to the length of a framed structure |
Bent |
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A rigid frame of two columns and a beam defining a single bay. Also called single bay frame |
Portal |
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A rigid frame having a continuous beam supported by and rigidly connected to three or more columns |
Multibay frame |
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A vertical series of superimposed rigid frames |
Multistory frame |
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A discontinuous column in a multistory frame, supported at some intermediate level where its load is transferred to adjacent columns |
Transfer column |
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A girder supporting a transfer column |
Transfer girder |
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A rigid, relatively slender structural member designed primarily to support axial, compressive loads applied at the member ends |
Column |
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An upright, relatively slender shaft or structure, usually of brick or stone, used as a building support or standing alone as a moment |
Pillar |
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Stiff vertical support, esp. a wooden coloumn in timber framing |
Post |
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The sudden lateral or torsional instability of a slender structural member induced by the action of compressive load. |
Buckling |
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The axial load at which a column begins to deflect laterally and becomes unstable |
Buckling load |
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The max. axial load that can theorectically be applied to a column w/o causing it to buckle |
Critical buckling load |
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The critical point at which a column, carrying its critical buckling load, may either buckle or remain undeflected. In a state of neutral equilibrium |
Bifurcation |
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The thick column subject to failure by crushing rather than by buckling |
Short column |
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A column having a mode of failure bet. that of a short column and a long column, often partly inelastic by crushing and partly elastic by buckling |
Intermediate column |
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A slender column subject to failure by buckling rather than by crushing |
Long column |
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The amount by which an axis deviates from another parallel axis |
Eccentricity |
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The distance between inflection points in a column subject to buckling. |
Effective length |
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A set of tensile and compressive stresses resulting from the superposition of axial and bending stresses at a cross section of a structural member, acting in the same direction and equal at any point to their algebraic sum |
Combined stresses |
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Carries the roof load bet. trusses on rafters |
Purlin |
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Usually a sloping beam carrying the reaction of purlins |
Rafter |
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Carries the masonry across the opening made by a door or window |
Lintel |
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A closely spaced beams supporting the floor of a building |
Joist |
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Similar to a joist, it carries the flooring of a bridge |
Stringer |
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Large-sized beams usually carrying thr floor beams |
Girder |
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Spans bet. columns and support the floors and curtail walls |
Spandrel |
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Lowermost spandrel of a building that has no basement |
Grade beam |
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Circulation beam that transmits power to the machinery. also carries torsion in addtion to shear and flexure |
Shaft |
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Is a mixture of sand and gravel held together in a rock like mass with a paste of cement and water |
Concrete |
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Is a combination of concrete and steel wherein yhe steel reinforcement provides then tensile strength lacking in the concrete |
Reinforced concrete |
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4 for rectangular 6 for circular 3 for triangular Clear distance of longitudinal bar should not be less 1.5b or 40mm |
Min. number of bar |
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Not be less than 1% & greater than 8% |
Steel ratio |
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Min. 200mm |
Concrete cover bars |