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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Origins of cinema as Technology:
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-Thomas Edison
-Muybrydged -W.K.L. Dickson |
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Origins of cinema as Technology: Thomas Edison
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Made motion picture machine
- Subject goes to the camera "Black Maria" = Name Camera was really invented by Associate W.K.L. Dickson |
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Origins of cinema as Technology: Muybrydged
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Made pictures look like they are moving
Made moving pictures of horses running Took 12 cameras and set them on the racetrack and the horses hit each "different" camera |
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Origins of cinema as Technology: W.K.L. Dickson
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Edison's assitance who was the one responsible for inventing the camera.
- Used techniques from Muybrydged and Marey |
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Era of Invention: Persistence of vision
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An egyptian concept explained by Roget, that the human mind retains images cast upon the retina of the eye for approximately 1/20th to 1/5th of a second beyond their actual removal from our vision.
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Lumiere Brothers
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Second technology movement:
Cinematographe was the name of the camera. It was portable It was versatile; as a camera, developing kit, and projector |
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American Silent Era
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Edwin S. Porter
D.W. Griffith Motion Picture Patents (MPPC) Powerful U.S. Studios |
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Edwin S. Porter
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American Silent Era director
Directed "Great Train Robber" - Was a milestone in film history because it was the first narrative film - Film uses various innovative techniques |
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D.W. Griffith
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American Silent Era Director
3 stages of his career 1. 400 short films in 4 years for Biograph 2. (pinacle/peak of career)- Made two movies -"The birth of a nation", about the civil war and it's aftermath (KKK were the heroes) -"Intolerance", about 4 stories that were tied together by a theme. 3. Slowed down and faded out |
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MPPC
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-Motion Picture Patent Company
-Made up of the major american production companies -Monopolized the industry -Put an end to foreign domination helped stabalize the american film industry during a period of unprecedented growth and change |
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Powerful American studios
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Powerful RUM takes U 2 Colombia
-Paramount -RKO -Universal -MGM -United Artist -20th Century Fox -Columbia |
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George melies
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-Known as the magician
-Saw film as entertainment no just technology -Made trick films using film special effects ---Made ongoing traffic turn into horses ---"A Trip to the Moon" (1902) |
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Pathe
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French company that dominated Europe:
-Became largest film equipment and production company in the world as well as a major producer of phonograph records. Pathe acquired Lumier brothers patents then set about to design an improved studio camera and to make their own film stock. |
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Film D'art Movement
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Lengthy adaptations of "classical" novels and plays:
-Static and boring films -Left as fast as it came |
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Italian Spectacle Films: Quo Vadis
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Directed by Enrico Guazzoni for Cines
-Established the conventions of the superspectacle and captured the world market for the Italian cinema |
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Italian Spectacle Films: Cabiria
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Directed by Giovanni Pastrone
- Epic saga of the second Punic War between Rome and Carthage - Contains some important innovations in film technique Shot on scene in locations in Italy |
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German Silent Era: Popular Forms
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Period drama
Porn (Disguised as educational documentaries) Expressionism: Dark, brooding visual designs |
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German Expressionism:
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Visual design
Expressionistic themes |
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German Expressionism: Details
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Deals with death, mysticism, the occult, and psychosis
-Visually: Movies are dark, shadowy and eerie - Best known film: The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari - Not all German expressionists paint things on the wall |
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The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari
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German Silent Era
Directed by Robert Wiene who replaced Lang -Subject Matter: Caligari's relationship with Cesare expresses antiauthoritarian ideas -Framing: Once framing is introduced (Recommended by Fritz Lang) then The antiauthoritarian fable transforms into the recounting of a paranoid delusion, which ultimately justifies and glorifies the authority it was intended to subvert. |
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UFA Studio
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Universum Film Aktiengesellschaft
-Merger of German production companies for making and marketing high quality nationalistic films to enhance Germany's image at home and abroad due to anti-german propaganda films from allied countries. |
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Fritz Lang
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-Best known German Director of the silent era
-Asked by Joseph Goebbels to be head of the Nazi film organization -Fled to america where he made many crime films and suspense thrillers - Director of "Metropolis" ---Hitler liked this film because it had all the class structures ---Considered Lang's Masterpiece |
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F.W. Murnau Expressionism
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-Considered one of the greatest directors of the silent era; considered an artist
-His dracula film (nosferatu) was plagerized, and is a well-known expressionist film "Last Laugh"=well-known example of Kammershpielfilm |
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F.W. Murnau Expressionism: 3 phases of his life
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1. Expressionism
2. Kammershpielfilm (Aka intimate theater) 3. Went to hollywood and directed "Sunrise" Which won the first best picture Oscar |
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Post (German) Expressionism: Street Realism
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-Literal realism exemplified in the "Street Films"
-Grim social realism -Post war periods of inflation and incarnated the spirit of "The new objectivity" -Master of this movement was Austrian born, G.W. Pabst |
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City Symphonies
Berlin, Symphony of a City |
Directed by Walter Ruttman
-creates an abstract portrait of the city and it's teeming life from dawn to midnight on a late spring day. |
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Soviet Union Film Editing
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"Filmmakers used radical editing to infuse their films with political meaning.
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Soviet Silent Film: Lenin
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Film is the most important art
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Lev Kuleshov: Editing Experiments
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Experimented with "Shots" due to lack of film stocks. He shot many short scenes and arranged them differently, finding that the meaning can change with the sequence. Experimented with D.W. Griffith's "Intolerance"
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Dziga Vertov
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Part of the Socialist Realism movement.
-Directed, "The man w/ the movie camera" -Socialist realism marked the decline of The Soviet cinema due to the Revolution. |
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Sergei Eisenstein: Battleship Potemkin
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-20 year anniversary of the Soviet revolution
- Tapping of crucifix and the tapping of an officer's sword suggested the unholy alliance between church and state in Tsarist Russia -Lion statues 3 shot sequence was a metaphor to the outrage of the massacre. |
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Sergei Eisenstein: October
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"An experimental film of immense proportions"
-Used it as a laboratory in which to test his theories of intellectual montage upon an actual audience |
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Other important soviet filmmakers
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Pudovkin (mother-1926)
Dovzhenko (earth-1930) |
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Stalin's rise to power ends ear of montage
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1. "Formalism" becomes a crime in cinema
2. Old silent filmmakers are discouraged or blacklisted 3. Soviet films become insignificant for next 30 to 40 years. |