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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a Chemical added to water called?
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A solute(s). (And the result of the chemicals plus water is called the solution.)
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More chemicals can be dissolved in ________ than any other known solvent.
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Water
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Water is known as the?
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Universal Solvent
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Chemicals that dissolve or mix well in water care called?
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hydrophilic (water loving)
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Molecules that do not mix well with water are called?
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hydrophobic (water hating)
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Water is an ideal ________ medium.
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transport
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Water has a _______ capacity and a _______ of vaporization.
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high heat, high heat
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Water is used for _________.
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lubrication.
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_____ are mineral compounds that have ionic bonds, and they are principal form of minerals that enter and are stored in the body.
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Salts
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Salts in their ionic form are known as?
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electrolytes
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What is a substances that have the ability to transmit an electrical charge?
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electrolytes.
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What are ionically bonded substances that, when added to water, freely release hydrogen ions (H+)?
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Acids. (Acids are called proton donors, since H+ is a proton with no electron.)
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What are alkaline compounds that are ionically bonded, also ionize in water but release a hydroxyl ion (OH-)?
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Bases. (Bases are known as proton acceptors.)
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On the pH scale what is considered to be at the top, near 0?
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Highly Acidic.
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On the pH scale what is considered to be at the bottom, near 14?
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Basic (Alkaline).
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Weak acids and bases are ones that do not completely ionize in water and act as?
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Buffers to the solution. Buffering the solution means to keep the pH in a neutral range.
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Organic molecules are molecules that contain carbon. What are the four groups divided into?
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Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
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What is a long, complex molecules, often with repeating units called?
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Macromolecules
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What are molecules used for energy, storage of energy, and cellular structures called?
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Carbohydrates.
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The simplest form of a carbohydrate is called?
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a simple sugar, or monosaccharide.
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Glucose contains _____ carbon atoms, and is known as a hexose sugar.
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six
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Pentose sugar contains _____ carbon atoms.
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five
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When two monosaccharides are joined together the reaction is a synthesis reaction and forms a?
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disaccharide.
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When a disaccharide is formed water is extracted from the saccharides and this reaction is called?
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dehydration synthesis.
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A combination of glucose and fructose make?
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sucrose, which is table sugar.
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The process of cells using synthesis reactions to build molecules is?
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Anabolism.
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The process of cells decomposing nutrient components is?
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Catabolism.
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What are combinations of many monosaccharides, all joined by dehydration synthesis?
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Polysaccharides.
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What are used in the body for energy and are stored in fat for future energy needs?
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Lipids.
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What are the four classes of lipids that are important for life?
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neutral fats, phospholipids, steroids, and eicosanoids.
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