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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
First wave
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• 1940s
• White women’s rights • Socioeconomically exclusive • Immigrants were excluded • Women’s rights and suffrage |
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Second wave
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• 1960s and 1970s
• Addressed inequalities associated with the workplace, family, sexuality, and reproductive freedom • Anti-male |
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Third wave
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• All inclusive
• Sexuality and identity • Bringing class into conversation |
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Patriarchy
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System where males dominate through a tradition of power and culture
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Gender
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How society interprets and names sexual differences
Male/female/intersex |
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Privilege
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The advantages people have by virtue of their status or position in society
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Betty Friedan
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Author of The Feminine Mystique
Credited with sparking the second wave Founder of the National Organization for Women (NOW) |
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Gloria Steinem
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Spokeswoman for the women’s movement
Founder of Ms. magazine |
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Androcentrism
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Male point of view is the central viewpoint for culture and history
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Biological Determinism
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The belief that our anatomy determines how we behave not how we are socialized to behave
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Intersectionality
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Way of studying personal identities (gender/ class /race /ability /sexuality) and political-social identities or access within a society
Studying the relationships between personal identities and political identities Ex. Black woman and white woman have different backgrounds due to racial difference Class exercise: Ranking the man based on privilege |
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Institutions
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Family, church, media, etc.
Social organizations that voice established patterns of behavior organized around specific purposes |
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Ideology
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A set of beliefs
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Systems
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Class, gender, and race
System of inequality and oppression |
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Misogyny
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Hatred of girls
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Gender assignment
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Assigned at birth by body-type
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Gender expression
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Outwardly expressed feelings of gender
Performativity Cisgender/transgender |
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Gender identity
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Internalized feelings of gender
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Gender ranking
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Valuing of one gender over another
The traits of women are less valuable than the traits assigned to men |
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Gender stratification
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Values associated with different genders with work
Putting people into groups based on gender Unequal distribution of wealth and power |
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Sexual scripts
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Societal level guidelines of human sexuality as shaped by institutions
Cult of virginity |
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Compulsory Heterosexuality
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The expectation that everyone should be heterosexual
Marriage laws |
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Separate Spheres
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Private domain = women
Public domain = men |
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Healthcare Equity
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Differences in the quality of healthcare across different populations
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Medicalization
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Normal functions of the body come to be viewed a indicative of disease
Pregnancy is an illness |
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Head-complement
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• Traditional marriage with male as the head and wife as the support
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Junior-senior
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• Traditional marriage modified so that both members work outside the home although one member is considered primary
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Equal partnership
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Both equal workers
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Horizontal hostility
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Directing anger or hatred towards someone of equal or lesser status
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Surveillance
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Tracking other women
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Norms/Normality and the construction of difference
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Norms is what is thought of as the expected standard and everything else is thought of as different
Norms = power |
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Mothering
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Mothering is a feminine duty expected of all women, inherent trait of females
Different connotations between fathering and mothering Taking care of a child emotionally, socially and physically Fathering is considered just the physical act of contributing biologically to a child |
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Reproductive rights
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Include the right to use birth control and have equal access to methods of birth control regardless of social status
Abortion rights Right to not be unwillingly sterilized |
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Margaret Sanger
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Abortions
Illegal propaganda sent through the mail to educate about sex National Birth Control League Mothers in Bondage |
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Objectification
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When women are treated like objects instead of people
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Intimacy
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Feeling of closeness
Power dynamics Different perspectives from men and women |
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Sexual self-schemas
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Subjective understanding of and negotiation with sexual scripts
Individual level of understanding of our sexuality |
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Sexual Identity
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A person’s preference for a gender
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Sexual Politics
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The expectation that the power dynamics in sexual relationships
Women are the submissive and men are the chasers |
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*****
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Sexuality
Rejecting the categories for alternative identities Attracted to people |
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Genderqueer
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Rejecting the categories for gender
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Transgender
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Claim or express a gender different than what is assigned
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Glass ceiling
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• Invisible but impassible barrier to advancement
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Glass escalator
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• Men advancing in traditionally female areas
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Glass precipice
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• Hiring women for top positions but erect barriers to prevent a successful job performance
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Quid pro quo
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• Submission to sexual conduct is explicitly or implicitly stated as a condition of employment
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Hostile work environment
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• Conduct interferes with work performance or creates an intimidating hostile or offensive environment
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Dolores Huerta
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Instrumental labor leader
Cofounder of United Farm Workers of America with Cesar Chavez Led Delano Grape Strike Fought for workers right |
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1963 Equal Pay Act
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• Equal pay for equal work
• Companies get around it by changing job content/titles |
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1964 Civil Rights Act
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• Title VII prohibits discrimination in employment based on race, color, religion, sex, ability, age and or national origin in jobs with more than 15 employees
o Excludes sexuality |
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2009 Fair Pay Act
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• Production supervisor woman at Goodyear Tire plant filed a discrimination lawsuit about being paid less than males
• Supreme Court cited that time limits on when the discrimination occurred had passed and therefore she could not sue • Congress and the President intervened and signed an amendment that said the statue of limitations resets with every paycheck |
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hooks’ definition of feminism
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a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation and oppression
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Feminist masculinity
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The idea that the feminist ideas can offer males an alternative to patriarchal domination to help the underprivileged males
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History and early problems of the feminist movement
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Consciousness raising groups began the movement
Uneducated teachers began the formal education but then were replaced by educated teachers Focused on the elite and not all classes Anti-male |
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hooks’ definition of reproductive rights
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having the freedom of choice
having access to contraception and abortions gives women control of their bodies and lives |
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hooks’ perspectives on partnership and family
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children’s rights should be fought for
both men and women should parent children but children effectively in single parent housing |