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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Amniocentesis |
The process of identifying genetic defects by examining a small sample of fetal cells drawn by a needle inserted into the amniotic fluid surrounding the unborn fetus |
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Artificial Insemination |
A process of fertilization in which a man's sperm is placed directly into a woman's vagina by a physician. |
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Behavioral Genetics |
The study of the effects of heredity on behavior |
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Chromosomes |
Rod-shaped portions of DNA that are organized in 23 pairs. |
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Chorionic Villus Sampling |
A test used to find genetic defects that involves taking samples of hair like material that surrounds the embryo. |
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Cesarean Delivery |
A birth in which the baby is surgically removed from the uterus, rather than traveling through the birth canal. |
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) |
The substance that genes are composed of that determines the nature of every cell in the body and how it will function. |
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Dizygotic Twin |
Twins who are produced when two seperate ova are fertilized by two seperate sperm at roughly the same time |
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Dominant Trait |
The one trait that is expressed when two competing traits are present |
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Down Syndrome |
A disorder produced by the presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair, once referred to as mongolism. |
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Embryonic Stage |
The period from two to eight weeks following fertilization during which significant growth occurs in the major organs and body systems. |
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Episiotomy |
An incision sometimes made to increase the size of the opening of the vagina to allow the baby to pass. |
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Fragile X Syndrome |
A disorder produced by injury to a gene on the X chromosome, producing mild to moderate mental retardation |
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Fertilization |
The process by which a sperm and an ovum- the male and female gametes, respectively- join to form a single new cell. |
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Fetal Stage |
The stage that begins at about eight weeks after conception and continues until birth. |
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Fetus |
A developing child, from eight weeks after conception until birth |
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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) |
A disorder caused by the pregnant mother consuming substantial quantities of alcohol during pregnancy, potentially resulting in mental retardation and delayed growth in the child |
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Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) |
A condition in which children display some, although not all, of the problems of fetal alcohol syndrome due to the mothers consumption of alcohol during pregnancy |
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Fetal Monitor |
A device that measures the baby's heartbeat during labor |
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Genes |
The basic unit of genetic information |
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Genotype |
The underlying combination of genetic material present (but not outwardly visible) in an organism |
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Genetic counseling |
The discipline that focuses on helping people deal with issues relating to inherited disorders |
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Germinal Stage |
The first-and shortest- stage of the prenatal period, which takes place during the first two weeks following conception |
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Homozygous |
Inheriting from parents similar genes for a given trait |
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Heterozygous |
Inheriting from parents different forms of a gene for a given trait |
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Infertility |
The inability to conceive after 12 to 18 months of trying to become pregnant |
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In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) |
A procedure in which a woman's ova are removed from her ovaries, and a man's sperm are used to fertilize the ova in a laboratory. |
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Infant Mortality |
Death within the first year of life |
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Kline Felters Syndrome |
A disorder resulting from the presence of an extra X chromosome that produces underdeveloped genitals, extreme height, and enlarged breasts |
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Low-birthweight Infants |
Infants who weigh less than 2500 grams (@51/2lbs) at birth |
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Monozygotic Twins |
Twins who are genetically identical |
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Multifactorial Transmission |
The determination of traits by a combination of both genetic and environmental factors in which a genotype provides a range within which a phenotype may be expressed. |
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Neonate |
The term used for a newborn |
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Phenotype |
An observable trait; the trait that actually is seen |
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Polygenic Inheritance |
Inheritance in which a combination of multiple gene pairs is responsible for the production of a particular trait |
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Placenta |
A conduit between the mother and fetus providing nourishment and oxygen via the umbilical cord |
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Preterm Infants |
Infants who are born prior to 38 weeks after conception (also known as premature infants) |
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Postmature Infants |
Infants still unborn two weeks after the mothers due date |
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Recessive Trait |
A trait within an organism that is present, but is not expressed |
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Sickle-cell Anemia |
A blood disorder that gets its name from the shape of the red blood cells in those who have it. |
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Small-for-gestational-age Infants |
Infants who bevcause of delayed fetal growth, weigh 90% (or less) of the average weight of infants of the same gestational age |
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Stillbirth |
The delivery of a child who is not alive, occurring in less than 1 delivery in 100 |
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Tay-Sachs Disease |
A disorder that produces blindness and muscle degeneration prior to death, there is no treatment |
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Temperament |
Patterns of arousal and emotionality that represent consistent and enduring characteristics in an individual |
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Teratogen |
An environmental agent, such as a drug, chemical, virus, or other factor that produces a birth defect, |
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Ultrasound Sonography |
A process in which high-frequency sound waves scan the mothers womb to produce an image of the unborn baby; whose size and shape can be assessed |
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Very-low-birthweight Infants |
Infants who weigh less than 1250 grams (@2.25 lbs) or, regardless of weight have been in the womb less than 30 weeks |
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X-linked Genes |
Genes that are considered recessive and located only on the X chromosome |
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Zygots |
The new cell formed by the process of fertilization |