Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
acclimation
|
Physiological adaptations to repeated environmental stresses occuring over a relatively breif period of time.
|
|
acclimatitzation
|
physiological adaptations to repeated environmental stress in a natural environment occurring over months and years of living and exercising in that environment.
|
|
cold habituation
|
a response to repeated cold exposure often to the hands and face in which skin vasoconstrictor and shivering responses are blunted.
|
|
conduction
|
transfer of heat through direct molecular contact with a solid object. movement of an electrical impulse such as through a neuron.
|
|
convection
|
the transfer of heart or cold via the movement of a gas or liquid across an object such as the body.
|
|
critical temperature theory
|
theory that prolonged exercise in hot environments is limited by attainment of a fixed elevated core temperature.
|
|
dry heat exchange
|
heat transfer by the combined avenues of convection conduction and radiation.
|
|
eccrine sweat glands
|
simple sweat glands dispersed over the body surface that respond to increases in core or skin temperature and facilitate thermoregulation.
|
|
evaporation
|
heat loss through the conversion of water such as sweat to vapor.
|
|
frostbite
|
tissue damage that occurs during cold exposure because circulation to the skin decreases in an attempt to retain body heat to the point that the tissue receives insufficient oxygen and nutrients.
|
|
heat cramps
|
cramping of the skeletal muscles as a result of excessive dehydration and the associated salt loss.
|
|
heat exhaustion
|
a heat disorder resulting from an inability of the cardiovascular system to meet all the body's tissues needs while also shifting blood to the periphery for cooling characterized by elevated body temperature breathlessness extreme tiredness dizziness and rapid pulse.
|
|
heatstroke
|
the most serious heat disorder resulting from failure of the body's thermoregulatory mechanisms.
|
|
hypothermia
|
low body temperature and temperature below the given person's normal temperature.
|
|
insulation
|
resistance to dry heat loss
|
|
insulative acclimation
|
a pattern of cold acclimation in which enhanced skin vascoonstriction increases peripheral insulation and minimizes heat loss.
|
|
metabolic acclimation
|
a pattern of cold acclimation involving increased metabolic heat production through enhanced nonshivering and shivering thermogenesis.
|
|
nonshivering termogenesis
|
the stimulation of metabolism by the sympathetic nervous system to generate more metabolic heat.
|
|
preoptic anterior hypothalamus
|
the area of the midbrain that is the primary controller of thermoregulatory function.
|
|
radiation
|
the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves.
|
|
shivering
|
a rapid involuntary cycle of contractions and relaxation of skeletal muscles that generates heat.
|
|
thermal stress
|
stress imposed on the body by external temperature.
|
|
thermoreceptors
|
scensory receptors that detect changes in the body temperature and external temperature and relay this information to the hypothalamus.
|
|
wet-bulb globe temperature
|
a measurement of temperature that simultaneously accounts for conduction convection evaporation and radiation providing a single temperature reading to estimate the cooling capacity of the surrounding environment.
|
|
windchill
|
a chill factor created by the increase in the rate of heat loss via convection and conduction caused by wind.
|