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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Acetyl Coenzyme A
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When in the presence of oxygen the pyruvic acid is converted into a compound.
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Activation Energy
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Required to begin the reaction.
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Adenosine Diphosphate ADP
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What ATP gets reduced to.
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Aerobic Metabolism
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The third system the requires oxygen.
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Anaerobic Metabolism
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Two systems that can occur in the absence of oxygen.
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ATP-CR System
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The simplest of the energy systems.
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Bioenergetics
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The process of converting the substrates to energy that can be used by cells in the body.
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B-Oxidation
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The process of FFAs being converted into acetyl CoA in the mitochondria to be used for energy production.
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Carbohydrate
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A substrate utilized during exercise that is ultimately converted to glucose.
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Catabolism
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Breakdown of chemical compounds.
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Creatine Kinase
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The release of energy from PCr is catalyzed by this enzyme.
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Cytochrome
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Iron-containing proteins contained in protein complexes.
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Electron Transport Chain
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A series of reactions coupled to the Krebs cycle.
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Enzyme
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Protein molecules control the rate of free-energy release.
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Free Fatty Acids
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Basic components of fat along with glycerol used to form ATP.
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Gluconeogenesis
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The process by which protein or fat is converted into glucose.
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Glucose
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a simple six-carbon sugar. (Monosaccharide).
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Glycogen
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A more complex polysaccharide (multiple linked sugar molecules) storied in the cytoplasm of muscle cells until those cells us it to form ATP.
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Glycogenolysis
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The process of the glycogen being broken down to glucose-1 phosphatem which enters the glycolsis pathway.
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Glycolysis
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The breakdown of glucose through a pathway that involves a sequence of glycolytic enzymes.
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Kilocalories
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The way energy in humans is expressed.
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Krebs Cycle
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AKA citric acid cycle or tricyclic acid cycle. A complex series of chemical reactions that permit the complete oxidative of acetyl CoA.
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Lipogenesis
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The process of converting protein into fatty acids.
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Lipolysis
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The process of a triglyceride being broken down to its basic units.
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Metabolism
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All chemical reactions in the body collectively.
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Mitochondria
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Special cell organelles.
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Negative Feeback
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The activity of a rate-limiting enzyme is determined by the accumulation of substances farther down the pathway that decrease enzyme activity through negative feedback.
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Oxidative Phosphorylation
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ATP producing reactions with the aid of oxygen.
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Oxidative System
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The final system of cellular energy production.
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Phosphocreatine (PCr)
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A high energy phosphate molecule.
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Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
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The rate-limiting enzyme in the glycolytic pathway.
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Phosphorylation
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A process to generate ATP a phosphate group is added to the relatively low-energy compound, ADP.
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Rate-Limiting Enzyme
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The enzyme usually located in an early step in the pathway.
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Substrate
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The energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
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Triglycerides
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The complex form of fat.
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