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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
4 primary criminal justice officials in early England that also existed in early America |
Sheriff, constable, coroner, justice of the peace |
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What early English word does "sheriff" come from? |
shire + reeve |
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Who declares a person dead in larger Texas counties? Smaller counties? |
Large: medical examiner Small: J.P. |
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Organized police system made of tithings of 10 neighbors each, all male 12 and up, unpaid and forced to serve |
Frankpledge system |
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Famous trials held in Massachusetts in 1692 |
Salem Witch Trials |
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3 legacies of policing in colonial America |
Local policing, republicanism, theory of crime prevention |
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Magistrate of Bow Street; advocated for reform of criminal code, formed "Runners" |
Henry Fielding |
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Group of "efficient thief-takers" formed by Henry Fielding |
Bow Street Runners |
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Magistrate in London, thought government should control police |
Patrick Colquhorn |
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Established London Police Force, principles of policing, emphasis on crime prevention |
Sir Robert Peel |
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Peel's 8 principles of policing |
1. Basic mission to prevent crime 2. Police dependant on public approval 3. Police must seek voluntary compliance with law 4. Higher cooperation=less physical force 5. Police must impartially enforce law 6. Police should use force only when persuasion and warning fail 7. Police are public, public are police 8. Police should never usurp authority of judiciary by administering punishment |
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why are London police called "bobbies" |
nickname for "Robert" = "Robert's men" |
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first full-time paid police force in the US |
New York City-1844 |
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3 historical eras of American policing |
political, reform, community |
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political era- who had control over the police? |
local alderman, ward bosses |
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political era- were police unionized? |
no |
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Internal affairs sent undercover officers that watched police |
shoofly
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Theodore Roosevelt's connection to American policing |
NYPD commissioner, often made secret trips to watch officers |
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political era- were policed involved or distant from social service programs? |
involved |
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reform era- aka the _______________ era |
professional |
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reform era- were police departments centralized or decentralized? |
centralized |
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reform era- were police involved or distant from social service programs? |
distant
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reform era- emphasis of police |
crime control |
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wrote "Scientific Theory of Administration", which inspired police to become more efficient, establish hierarchy based on his work
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Frederick Taylor |
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SOP |
Standard Operating Procedures |
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police chief in Berkeley, CA; first crime lab, first to recruit college students, organized police academy, bicycle patrols, red light emergency systems |
August Vollmer |
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leading police reformer in 1930's; promoted "crime fighter" image, armed police in cars |
O.W. Wilson |
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appointed by Hoover, led by AG George Wickersham; investigated police corruption in Prohibition Era |
Wickersham Commission |
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chief of LAPD, investigated police brutality; earned law degree like Hillman |
William H. Parker |
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what two major events caused social unrest in the United States during the 1960's? |
Vietnam War, Civil Rights movement |
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how did modern police cars help police efficiency? |
quicker response times, more "professional" |
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how did modern police cars hurt police/community relations? |
success now measured by response times, miles driven, number of arrests instead of community relations |
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recommendations of the 1967 President's Crime Commission
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hire minority officers; closer police/community ties, promoted college degrees |
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advantages of foot patrol |
officers accessible to civilians, visibility made residents feel safer, improved relations |
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3 key elements of problem-oriented policing
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police/community partnerships, problem-solving, organizational transformation |
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what is meant by saying the Community era has come full circle? |
do police now operate with consent and assistance of public? |
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how did August Vollmer describe the ideal police applicant? |
Wisdom of Solomon
Courage of David Patience of Job Leadership of Moses Kindness of the Good Samaritan Diplomacy of Lincoln Tolerance of Carpenter of Nazareth Knowledge of every branch of biological and social sciences |
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what level of education do most police applicants have? |
high school education/some college |
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are most police applicants aware of the realities of police work when they apply? |
no |
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MMPI |
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory |
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problems police recruiters run into when trying to attract police applicants |
Private sector pays more, inability to use technology, obesity, debt, drug use, criminal records, media attacks on police |
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9 steps of police recruit testing |
1. Written exam 2. Agility test 3. Oral exam 4. Polygraph 5. Psychological exam (written and in-person) 6. Background check 7. Drug test (usually urine) 8. Academy 9. Probation |
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used for promotional testing, in-basket/role-playing exercises, etc. |
assessment center |
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TCOLE |
Texas Commission on Law Enforcement |
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POST |
Police Officer Standards and Training |
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federal agencies- level of education
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bachelor's degree |
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larger Texas agencies- level of education |
two years of college |
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TCOLE- minimum level of education |
high school degree |
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tactical training facility operated by FBI Training Academy |
Hogan's Alley |
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FTO |
Field Training Officer |
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PPO |
Probationary Police Officer |
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IST |
In-Service Training |
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"Sam Browne" |
police utility belt |
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material that makes up bulletproof vests |
Kevlar |
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why is "thin blue line" considered a positive phrase?
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police is line of defense against crime/bad guys |
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why is "code of silence" considered a negative phrase |
police tend not to turn on corrupt officers, don't say anything |
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"better to be tried by 12 than carried by 6" |
justification of self-defense |
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David Nowicki's 12 qualities of a good cop |
1. Enthusiasm
2. Good communication skills 3. Good judgment 4. Sense of humor 5. Creativity 6. Self-motivation 7. Knowing the job/system 8. Ego 9. Courage 10. Discretion 11. Tenacity 12. Thirst for knowledge |
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"do not bear the sword in vain"- Apostle Paul |
Romans 13:4 |
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"blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called children of God"- Jesus |
Matthew 5:9 |
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5 sets of people who define the police role |
private citizens, legislative bodies, courts, police executives, police themselves |
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James Q. Wilson's Three Policing Styles
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1. Watchman (police are neighbors) 2. Legalistic (police are soldiers) 3. Service (police are teachers) |