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264 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Limited Opening is: ______mm |
below 27mm (23mm is example given) |
|
Maximum Opening and Lateral excursive in Adolescents and Adults: |
50mm and 12mm lateral excursive
(distance between incisal edges + overbite) |
|
Most Cranium growth completed by: ___yrs |
5 years |
|
For adult, breath given every _____seconds |
5 seconds |
|
Wavelength for curing light/ Optimal wavelength for Camphorquinone ______nm |
460-480 nm |
|
Concentration of Sodium Fluoride in Mouthwash for ortho patients _____% |
0.05% |
|
Tongue begins formation at week: |
week 4 in utero |
|
Tongue reaches maximum size at age: |
8 |
|
Primary Palate formed during ____ week. |
6th week, 6-8 weeks |
|
Secondary Palatal closure in fetus begins at___wks: |
10 weeks, Completed by: 12 weeks |
|
At what time during fetal development does CL/CP occur: |
6-8 weeks |
|
Cleft Palate Develops during what trimester? |
First trimester of pregnancy |
|
Cleft Palate incidence: |
1 in 750 births |
|
Most effective time to close a cleft palate surgically: |
one year after birth |
|
When should you do alveolar graft: |
when canine root is 2/3 formed (to start eruptive process) |
|
Best time for NAM: |
Within 3 months after birth |
|
Most developmental anomalies occur when: |
Embryonic (5-10 weeks) stage |
|
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome occurs: |
by day 17 in utero |
|
Downs Syndrome prevalence: |
1 in 800 births |
|
0.4mg folic acid reduces chance of cleft lip/palate by: _____% |
33% |
|
Most neurons present in fetus at: _____ wks |
10 weeks after conception |
|
Most synapses in infant at age: |
2-3 years |
|
Fusion of Inter-sphenoidal suture: |
At birth, shortly after birth, 3 months after birth |
|
Fusion of Spheno-Ethmoidal suture: |
7 years |
|
Fusion of Spheno-Occipital Suture at: |
15-16 years , 15-20 years |
|
Ossification of Sesamoid bone in Hand-Wrist film means: |
1 year before maximum growth spurt (30 percent growth completed); 60-70% growth remaining. SMI:4 |
|
Peak Height velocity age for girls and boys: |
12 girls, 14 boys |
|
PHV happens up to how many months after puberty: |
from puberty for up to 24 months after |
|
In normal girls, PHV happens: |
In normal girls, PHV happens 18-24 months before menarche |
|
In late-maturing girls (late menarche), PHV happens: |
6-11 months before menarche |
|
PVH is measured in: |
cm or inches PER year (it is a rate) |
|
Physician concerned if child's growth above ____ percentile. |
95th percentile |
|
More radiation: tech 99 or CT |
Tech 99 > CT |
|
Increase in mandibular intercanine width from primary to permanent: |
2mm , “slightly increase “ |
|
Primary to permanent arch length change increase or decrease? |
slight decrease |
|
Greatest amount of Mandibular arch length from mesial of molars is at age: |
6 |
|
Greatest loss of arch length: |
Mx second primary molar at age 6.5 |
|
2-3mm CO/CR (backwards) shift at completion of treatment. What should you do? |
distal to middle of lateral incisor 91% If tip is mesial: 64% ??????? What is this?, |
|
Incidence of gingival recession in adults
|
68% incidence,
more Mn than Mx, more symmetrical than asymmetric |
|
Percentage of patients that need perio treatment prior to ortho |
5-10% of children and 20-25% of adults |
|
Minimum osseointegration necessary for implant success: ___%
|
5%
|
|
When 300 grams of force applied for 3 months to titanium implants in animal studies, percentage successful____%
|
94%
|
|
Estimated healing time for implant in maxilla: Estimated healing time for implant in mandible: |
Max: 6-8 months Mnd: 4-6 months |
|
How much room needed for implant _____mm |
7 mm
|
|
When placing implant, head of fixture should be how far apical to desired gingival margin: ___mm
|
4 mm
|
|
Best time for implant: |
After growth has ceased
|
|
Serial Ceph confirms no growth. How many months to wait to ensure no further growth?
|
6 months OK, 12 months is better
|
|
Will the children keep growing? |
Yes Will it matter significantly? No |
|
What percentage of US and Northern European have Class II malocclusion: |
15-20% 75% |
|
Adenoidectomy success in correcting open mouth breathing: |
80%
|
|
What percentage of non-ectopic third molars erupt normally
|
33%
|
|
Normal oral temp
|
35-37 degrees C
|
|
Plus/Minus 1 Standard Deviation includes: Plus/Minus 2 Standard Deviation includes: Plus/Minus 3 Standard Deviation includes: |
66-68% of sample 96% of sample 99.7% of sample |
|
Variance calculated by: |
square root of variance gives you the SD
e.g. mean 100, Variance 64. so SD is 8. So 116 is 2 SDs above the mean. |
|
Correlation If two samples are linearly related, correlation coefficient R = _____ No relationship, R = ____ |
If two samples are linearly related, correlation coefficient R = 1
No relationship, R = 0 |
|
Most affected by outliers: Most affected by large sample size: |
Most affected by outliers: MEAN Most affected by large sample size: MEDIAN You select median because the median is an important value. It says something different from the mean. You might also select it for some statistical calculations because it's robust against certain problems like outliers or skew. When sample size gets smaller it'sactually much more sensitive to skew than the mean. |
|
Anterior Cranial base Growth Completed by ___ yrs |
7 years |
|
What age can you start to superimpose on S-N: |
7 years |
|
Anterior Cranial Base stops growing and become stable for use in superimposition at age: |
7 years |
|
Neural growth completed: ____ yrs |
7 years |
|
Most rapid Somatic growth: |
Conception to birth |
|
11 yo male, in a 2 year period mand molars will erupt ____mm |
1.5mm |
|
11yo male, lower facial height will increase ____mm/yr |
1mm/year |
|
Maximum width of skull achieved at age: |
Age 7-8 |
|
Human Eye sees: ___shades of grey |
16 shades of grey |
|
Digital Photography uses ___-bit which gives ____ shades of gray |
8-bit which gives 256 shades of gray |
|
Gemination: |
1 root, 1 pulp fused crowns |
|
Fusion: |
2 roots, 2 pulps fused crowns |
|
Hypodontia: |
missing 1-5 teeth |
|
Oligodontia: |
missing 6+ teeth. MSX1 defective |
|
If missing 3rd Molars: _____% chance missing Lower 5s _____% chance of missing U2 _____x chance tobe missing other teeth. Y/N: increased likelihood of supernumerary or peg lateral |
If missing 3rd Molars: 3.4% chance missing Lower 5s 2.2% chance of missing U2 13x chance to be missing other teeth. increased likelihood of supernumerary or peg lateral: NO |
|
Lip Bumper expansion: ___% percent is accomplished in first 100 days then __% in next 100 then __% in last 100 |
LIP BUMPER: 50-40-10 50% percent is accomplished in first 100 days, then 40% in next 100 days then 10% in last 100 days |
|
If you decrease distance between magnets by half, the force increases: ____ % |
400% |
|
If you increase distance between magnets by twice, e.g 10 mm -> 20 mm, then the force will |
Magnetic force equation: 1/(r^2), r being the distance between magnets. So Force will decrease quadruple |
|
Phase I class 2 correction: ___% success rate. Twin Block __ % skeletal correction |
Phase I class 2 correction: 75% success rate Twin Block 55% skeletal correction |
|
How to do pure rotation: |
1st order bend |
|
Duration of threshold of light force to produce tooth movement: ____ hrs/day |
4-6 hrs a day |
|
In Physiologic response to sustained pressure, tooth begins movement after: __ hours of force application |
48 hours of force applicatoin |
|
Normal eruptive force of a tooth is: ___ grams |
2-10g |
|
Optimum canine retraction force: __________ grams |
100-150g |
|
Genes responsible for tooth agenesis: |
MSX1, PAX9 |
|
When do primary teeth start to calcify in fetus: |
14 weeks (Upper and lower central incisors) |
|
Mineralization of Perm First Molars Begins: |
At birth |
|
At birth, which tooth has COMPLETED "crown" calcification: |
mandibular incisors |
|
Calcification of Upper and lower third molars: |
varies greatly |
|
Fusion of Mandibular Symphysis: |
Shortly after birth; 3 months after birth; within first year |
|
How long to retain extruded tooth for stability: |
6 months |
|
Fraction of root formation when tooth begins eruptive movement: |
2/3 |
|
Fraction of root formation upon tooth emergence into oral cavity: |
3/4 |
|
How long does it take for completion of root formation after tooth eruption: |
2-3 years |
|
Minimum # of Lobes to make a tooth: |
4 lobes |
|
Peak incidence of dental trauma occurs at what age: |
8-10 years |
|
For adult and child what is rate of compression: |
100 per minute |
|
Sequence of Adult CPR: |
30 compressions, 2 breaths |
|
How many minutes can the brain survive without oxygen: |
6 minutes |
|
Incidence of missing lateral incisor |
1-2% |
|
Ext primary B for 3 results in ___% bone loss in __ years |
Ext primary B for 3 results in 1% bone loss in 4 years |
|
In treatment of openbite, surgical success ___% nonsurgical success ___% |
In treatment of openbite, surgical success 82% nonsurgical success 75% |
|
Minimum total filtration required by a machine that operates in excess of 70 kvp: |
2.5mm of aluminum (or the equivalent of that) |
|
How long film in fixer? |
10 minutes |
|
AAO standard facial photo size |
1/4 of life-size |
|
X-ray operators should not exceed: |
0.1 Roentgens per week (100 milli Roentgens) |
|
Absorbed dose in unit of? |
Grays, microGray |
|
Effective and Equivalent doses in unit of? |
Sievert, microSievert |
|
_______ takes organ being irradiated into consideration? |
Effective dose |
|
Definition of normal Mandibular Plane angle: |
27-37 degrees |
|
Difference between SN and Frankfort Horizontal |
7 degrees |
|
Incisor angulation to arch length ratio |
10:8; 10 degrees of retroclination requires 8mm of space (ie extraction) |
|
Nasolabial angle norm? |
94-110 deg |
|
Ideal percentage of lower facial height |
55% |
|
16yo female, ratio of upper to lower facial height is? |
43:57 |
|
N-ANS is what percentage of N-me? |
45% ** remember that lower face height is slightly over half of total face height ie 55-57% |
|
Hyoid derived from which branchial arch? |
2 (body) 3 (greater wings) |
|
How many bones in craniofacial complex? |
8 cranial, 14 facial, TOTAL 22 |
|
How many cartilages in inferior 1/3 of nose |
3 |
|
Most nasal septum deviations occur in? |
inferior 1/3 of nose |
|
Hyoid bone located? |
between C3 and C4 |
|
Widest cervical vertebrae from C1 to C5 |
C1 (atlas) |
|
Distance from CEJ to alveolar crest? |
2mm |
|
To prevent black triangle, maximum distance from contact to alveolar crest? |
5mm |
|
How many branches of facial nerve? |
5 |
|
Normal incubation period for Hep B and C |
1-6 months |
|
Which molecules activate aracadonic acid pathway/prostaglandin production? |
IL-1, IL-6, TNF alpha, BMP ** NOT neocytokines! |
|
Penicillin allergy patient with hx of Rheumatic Fever? |
Give erythromycin |
|
Worst to best in terms of chewing efficiency |
Class III, Class II, Class I |
|
Pain due to heavy pressure happens after: |
after 3-5 seconds |
|
Acceptable CO/CR shift |
1mm CO/CR shift but not a lateral shift |
|
Chances of missing max lateral incisor: |
1-2% |
|
Chances of missing lower 5's: |
3.5% |
|
Sample size for cephalometric study must be at least: |
15 patients |
|
For a research hypothesis to be accepted, chance for groups tohave arisen from random chance is: |
5% (p<0.5) |
|
When to use twin block: |
late mixed dentition |
|
When replacing missing lateral incisor with implant, we need: |
2/3 width of central incisor. Aka 66% of the width of the central. |
|
When placing Maryland bridge, you want: |
Incisors perpendicular to occlusal plane. Choice given is 10-15 deg |
|
Posterior to Anterior face height ratio is: |
40:60 |
|
Planum sphenoidium: |
A plane surface on the sphenoid bone, in front of the sella turcica, connecting the two lesser wings, and forming part of the anterior cranial fossa and especially later in life, the roof of the anteriormost portion of the sphenoidal sinus. Synonyms: Jugum sphenoidale, Planum sphenoidale |
|
Herbst and Mara ___________ the occlusal plane, and Twin block ____________________. |
steepen; controlled Mn plane angle. |
|
Herbst demonstrates __________ overbite and overjet. |
decreased |
|
True or False? Herbst does not change MP angle that much |
True |
|
Intensifying screens ________ contrast and ________ exposure times, radiation |
Increase Contrast. Decrease Exposure times and radiation |
|
Minimum total filtration required by xray machine operates greater than 70 KvP |
2.5 mm Aluminum |
|
Distance between Midsagittal plane to Film and Source to MSP? |
15 cm btw MSP to Film and 60 inches(5ft) btw Source to MSP |
|
KvP affects _______, while milliamps and exposure time affects __________. |
Contrast (Higher KvP=more penetration, darker image, low contrast).
Density (Increased mAmps and Exp. time increases dentisty). |
|
In CBCT, voxel size affects |
Resolution and accuracy. NOT magnification. CBCT uses small voxel size for good resolution. (Decreased voxel size=decreased field of view=increased resolution |
|
Term: Area of the dental anatomy that is reproduced distinctly on Pano? |
Focal trough |
|
Midline point on PA ceph? Midline point on lateral ceph? |
Menton or ANS on PA ceph Point A on lateral ceph |
|
ABO mandibular plane points? Face angle points? |
Constructed Gonion to menton FH and N-Pog |
|
What relatively remains constant with age? |
Y-axis |
|
Reference line used in Down analysis? |
Frankfort horizontal. Not S-N or N-Ba |
|
Broadbent registration point, which is used in Downs for superimposition is the intersection between |
Bolton-Nasion and perpendicular Sella |
|
Floor of orbit or inferior orbital wall is made of which 3 bones? Lateral wall of orbit? |
Maxillary, Zygomatic and Palatine Frontal process of Zygomatic and greater wing of Sphenoid |
|
Name of sinuses or duct that drain into each Meatus.
Superior, Middle, Inferior meatus |
Superior: posterior ethmoid cells and Sphenoid sinus. Middle: Frontal, maxillary, temporal sinus Inferior: Nasolacrimal duct |
|
Origin and Insertion of digastric muscles |
Origin: Ant belly: Digastric fossa/ lingual symphysis Post belly: Mastoid process of temporal bone Insertion: Both into Intermediate tendon of hyoid bone |
|
Cleft lip repair when? Palate repair when? Secondary alveolar bone graft+Ortho when? Orthognathic surgery when? Implants and other prosthetic procedure? |
2-3 month, 10-14 month, 6-10 years, 13-18 years, 18 or when growth is complete |
|
Prophylaxis Amoxicilin __ g or Clindamycin ___ mg 1 hour prior? |
2g for Amox. 600 mg for Clinda |
|
Line of occlusion in maxilla? Interproximal contacts are ? Mandible? |
Central fossas are line of occlusion in maxilla. Interproximal contacts are buccal to the line. Buccal cusps are line of occlusion in mandible. Interproximal contacts are lingual to that line |
|
What would you not do in pt with crepitus (or TMD) |
Anterior positioning splint. Flat plane is ok |
|
Dislocation of mandible can occur only in which direction? |
Anteriorly |
|
ADD without reduction characteristics |
Limited opening of <27mm Deviation of jaw Pain with forceful opening Closed lock |
|
ADD with reduction clicking or popping sounds after ____ mm opening? |
30 mm |
|
No joint sound. Pain in TMJ area |
Posterior Capsulitis |
|
Gorelick states significant decalcification occurs in ___% of orthodontic patients. These patients should wait how long before fluoride ? |
50%. These patient should avoid large amount of fluoride to allow remineralization. Wait 2-3 months |
|
Tartar control contains _______ and reduce ___% of supragingival calculus |
Pyro phosphate. 50% |
|
How many mm upper incisors are in relation to stomion superioris in skeletal open bite? |
3 mm below Lip |
|
Skeletal open bite characteristics |
Increased height of Max molars Antegonial notching and high mandibular plane angle NOT long corpus length |
|
Tongue thrust is |
Adaptive. Not cause of open bite. Forward resting position of tongue is most likely cause of anterior open bite in 10 year old child |
|
Little et al. found how much relapse happen in where? |
2/3 Mandibular incisors |
|
Most stable and least likely to recur |
COS |
|
Class 2 division 2 most likely relapse |
Deep bite more than rotation. Deep bite stability on correction is more favorable in growing children. |
|
Normal intermolar width for adolescents |
33-35 |
|
Canine impaction |
2/3 palatally impacted. 1-2% of maxillary impacted 0.35% of mandibular impacted 8% bilateral 2x more common in females |
|
Austenite, martensite |
Austenite + stress -> Martensite Martensite + heat -> Austenite (deactivation) |
|
Complete nasal obstruction pts, immediate change of head posture measured by increase in craniofacial angle of |
5 degrees |
|
Space discrepancy limit to extraction |
Upto 4mm |
|
To obtain condylar inclination during records |
Take protrusive wax bite |
|
37% phosphoric acid etch 30 sec etch removes __ microns of enamel 15 seconds ____ |
3-10 microns for 30 sec. 8-10 microns for 15 sec. 9% HF for ceramic crown etch |
|
TMA wire contains |
No nickel. Just titanium and molybdenum |
|
TMA vs SS |
SS has highest Stiffness (3x more than TMA) -> lowest flexibility (springiness) (2x less than TMA) -> highest deformity or least resistance to deformity. |
|
Strength vs Springiness |
Strength = Stiffness x Range Springiness = 1/Stiffness |
|
Most frictional wire in SS bracket |
TMA > NiTi > SS |
|
Ideal wire |
High Strength, Range and Formability Low Stiffness |
|
SS wire composition |
18% Chromium (corrosion prevention) 8% Nickel (flexibility) |
|
Doubling the diameter of SS Doubling the length of SS |
2x diameter = 8x strength, 1/16 springiness, 1/2 range 2x length = 1/2 strength, 8x springiness, 4x range |
|
NiTi wire has |
Low load/deflection ratio or rate Low Formability Shape memory and Super elasticity Phase transformation at low transition temperature
|
|
Austenite: Martensite: |
Austenite: gives soft constant force over long time. Higher modulus of elasticity (higher stiffness) Martensite: after activation phase. |
|
Elgiloy |
Strength increases as heat treated and become same stiffness as SS or non-heat treated Chromium Cobalt |
|
Twin block vs Herbst |
Twin block slightly more effective in correcting : Molar relationship, Sagittal skeletal differential, Greater elongation of mand Ramus, body, increased VDO
Twin block: 55-61% skeletal, 39-45% dental |
|
Optimum time for Twinblock |
During or slightly after onset of puberty peak in growth velocity. Late mixed, early permanent. |
|
Twin block effect |
U6 horizontal/ maxillary molars were near their original sagittal position. Labial inclination of maxillary inclination was Reduced significantly Mandibular incisors tipped labially |
|
Least vertical control |
Stopped arch or CPHG |
|
To prevent distal tipping of crown |
HPHG: outer bow should be shorter and mesial to CResist. CPHG: outer bow should be bent UP above the CResist. |
|
Asymmetrical headgear |
To distalize right side, leave longer and away from cheek. Side effect: lingual crossbite can result. Buccal crossbite on opposite side. |
|
Lip bumper |
45-55% incisors inclination 35-50% molar distalization (distal tip) 5-10% increase in intercanine, premolar transverse |
|
Duration threshold of light force to produce tooth movement |
4-6 hrs per day |
|
Movement begins after |
48 hours of force application |
|
With a force of 35-60 gm, possible canine movements are |
Tipping rotation extrusion (no intrusion or translation) |
|
Optimum force to retract canines |
100-150 grams |
|
Average force to intrude central incisors |
Maxillary CI: 25 grams Mandibular CI: 20 grams |
|
Limiting factor
SARPE RPE |
SARPE (no hinge axis): Zygomatic buttress (lateral), Pterygoid plates (posterior)
RPE: Coronoid process |
|
Best surgery for TMD patients with class III or anterior open bite |
Intraoral vertical ramps osteotomy (IVRO) |
|
How many days to wait before activation after distraction osteogenesis? |
5-7 days |
|
Symphysis distraction causes |
Buccal tipping of CONDYLES. not teeth |
|
Two deleterious side effects of maxillary impaction |
Nasal tip raise Widening of alar base |
|
Intramemraneous vs. Endochondral |
Intramembraneous: Flat bones. Vault. Maxilla. Endochondral: Long bones. Base. Sphenoid, Ethmoid. Bone develops from hyaline cartilage precursor. Combination: Occipital, Temporal. Mandible (condylar head is endochondral, mostly intramem) |
|
Ratio of amount of bony vs soft tissue advancement in advancement genioplaty? |
1:1 |
|
16 year boy class III, surgery to stop the growth of mandible |
High condylectomy. Girls=14. |
|
Percentage of adult pts w perio disease and develop rapid progression of perio disease after ortho tx? |
10% rapid progrssion. 80% moderate. |
|
Bacteria that causes bone loss/ perio disease ? Juvenile periodontitis? |
Porphyromonas (Bacteroids) Gingivalis. Actinobacilus Actinomycetemcomitans |
|
Pro inflammatory ? Anti-inflammatory? |
Pro: IL-1, 2, 6, 8, TNF-a, IFN-r, PGE2, MMP Anti: IL- 4, 10, 13 |
|
After ext of maxillary tooth in anterior region the ridge width decrease by what % in 6month ? 6 years? |
23% 6 month. 33% 5-6 years |
|
U1 or U3 located 5 mm apical to CEJ (or MGJ) of U2. Eruption technique? Eruption technique for Palatally impacted max canines |
Closed Eruption Open eruption |
|
Treatment for one wall defect or vertical defect? Three walled defect? |
Orthodontic upright and extrusion GTR |
|
Adult gingival recession rate |
68% |
|
Root fracture 1 mm below CEJ. Primary thing to look at? |
Root length |
|
When protracting a molar, TAD should be in |
Distal to canine Pilot hole is more stable in mandible bone (not TAD is more stable with pilot hole in any other areas) |
|
When 300 gms of force applied for 3 months to titanium implant, success rate of: ____% |
94% Force amount to dislodge an implant is not even upto 600g. More force required. |
|
Estimated healing time for implant in maxilla and mandible |
Maxilla: 6-8 months Mandible: 4-6 months |
|
Head of fixture of implant should be how many mm apical to the desired gingival margin? |
4 mm apical to desired gingival margin |
|
Amount of overbite necessary for bonded bridge (or maryland) |
0.5 mm or less than 1mm |
|
What does NOT favor canine substitution? |
Large canine. Do Favor: Minimal crowding on lower, class II molar, low gingival margin on canines. |
|
After adenoidectomy, what percentage of patient who had severe nasopharyngeal obstruction goes from open mouth to closed-mouth breathing? |
80% |
|
Intermolar width in adults? Adolescent? |
Adults: 36-39 mm Adolescent: 33-35 mm |
|
Class II population in US |
15-20% |
|
Oral temperature in C and F |
35-37 C 95-99 F |
|
Amount of overbite necessary for bonded bridge (or maryland) |
0.5 mm or less than 1mm |
|
Correlation is measured in |
Fraction. |
|
Chi square measures |
Observed vs. Expected frequency |
|
Extraction of B for 3 results in |
1% bone loss in 4 years |
|
Ameloblastoma __% of all tumors in mouth |
1%, not 10% |
|
Marfans gene affected |
Fibrillin 1 |
|
Short distance btw Ar and PTM |
Max hypoplasia |
|
Posselt's envelope final motion is |
Pure hinge |
|
When leveling, consider the wire's |
Stiffness |
|
Max lateral incisor replacement |
62% of width of Central |
|
2-3mm CO/CR (backwards) shift at completion oftreatment. What do you do? |
Grindmesial incline of upper and distal incline of lower. Rememberthat CO-CR and CR-CO shift are opposite directions and not the same thing. |
|
TM Joint sounds are a common finding In what percentage of population: |
25% |
|
Significant decalcification occurs in ___% of patients |
50% |
|
Avoid fluoride for ___ months after ortho to allow WSL to remineralize |
2-3 months |
|
Tartar control toothpaste reduced supragingival calculus by _____% due to _______ |
50% due to pyrophyosphate |
|
First meeting of AAO: (Date/location) |
1900 St. Louis “A-A-O, first meeting Nineteen-O-O” |
|
First meeting of ABO: (Date/location) |
1929 Estes Park, Colorado |
|
What percentage of open bites self-correct: ___% & what percentage do we treat: ___% |
What percentage of open bites self-correct: 80% What percentage do we treat: 20% |
|
Post-puberty, incidence of open bite: (Increases or decreases) |
Decreases |
|
Posttx w extractions, study by Little found what fraction of Mn incisor crowdingrelapse: |
2/3 |
|
Normal adolescent intermolar width: 33-35 mm |
33-35 mm |
|
Normal adult intermolar width: 36-39 mm |
36-39 mm |
|
Boltonfrom 6-6 aka mesial of 7 to mesial of 7: |
91% |
|
Completenasal obstruction leads to what percent change in head posture: ____ degrees |
5 degrees |
|
Lowerthird of face is divided into: _____ upper lip and 2/3 ______ |
1/3 upper lip, 2/3 lower lip and chin |
|
Invisaligncan handle how much AOB: |
2 mm |
|
Limitof arch length discrepancy to be treated non-ext: |
4mm (greater than 4, extraction) |
|
Swallowingforce with teeth in contact: |
100 gm |
|
Indications for Serial extraction: Cl ____ molar,_______ OB/OJ, _____ crowding of ____ mm or more |
Cl I molar,moderate OB/OJ, severe crowding of 10mm or more |
|
AppropriateForce on TAD: _____ g |
100-200g |
|
Powerchainloses 50% elasticity in: ____ day (s) |
1 day |
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Etchfor 15 seconds: ______ micron loss |
8-10 micron loss |
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37%phosphoric acid etch for 30 sec : |
2-10 micron loss |
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What to use to etch ceramic crown: |
9% HF acid |
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Whichtype of archwire has no nickel (for nickel allergy pt): |
TMA |
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SScomposition: |
18% Chromium, 8% nickel (Chromiumprevents corrosion, nickel adds flexibility (think Niti) |
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_____ wire as a fingerspring (i.e. a unsupported cantilever) |
SS |
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Doublethe diameter: Strength/force is ____ x,Springiness is _____, range is ____ oforiginal |
Strength/force is 8x,Springiness is 1/16, range is 1/2 oforiginal |
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Doublethe length: Strength/force is _____, Springiness is ______x, Range is _____x |
Doublethe length: Strength/force is 1/2, Springiness is 8x, Range is 4x |
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Repeatthis: “8 times 1/16 gives 1/2. 1/2 of 8is 4. |
SSR (Strength, resiliency, range)” |