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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A digestive organ that creates a strongly acidic environment under specific conditions is the...
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stomach
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A small blind tube attached to the caecum just below (inferior) to where the ileum attaches is called the
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appendix
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Bile is carried to the duodenum by the _________.
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bile duct
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Chief cells of the gastric glands secrete
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pepsinogen
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Clusters of lymphoid tissue found in the walls of the ileum are called ___________.
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Peyer's patches
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Simple carbohydrate digestion in adult humans occurs in the
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mouth
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Gastrin, secreted by the gastric and duodenal mucosa, acts to increase the secretions of the
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gastric glands
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One of your digestive glands secretes enzymes that are capable of digesting carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. The gland is the _______.
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pancreas
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Pepsin initiates the chemical digestion of:
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proteins
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Teeth that shear or tear off pieces of food are the
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incisors
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The cells that secrete hydrochloric acid in the stomach are the _______ cells.
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parietal
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The finger-like projections of the small intestinal mucosa, which are so important in nutrient absorption, are the _________.
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villi
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The glands that frequently become inflamed when one gets the mumps are called the _______ glands.
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parotid
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The pyloric sphincter opens to let food into the
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duodenum
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This is not a salivary gland...
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adenoids
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The stomach lining is protected from the stomach acid by __________.
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mucus
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The terminal portion of the small intestine is the:
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ileum
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Trypsin acts to break down _______.
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polypeptides
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Digested molecules that leaves the stomach through the alimentary canal would next enter the:
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duodenum
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In general, which of the following is probably the most important factor involved in determining a person's basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
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amount of thyroxine produced by the thyroid gland
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Ketosis and acidosis are consequences of the incomplete oxidation of:
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fats
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Proteins of plant origin (i.e. beans, corn, rice):
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are incomplete.
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The formation of muscle proteins from food you have eaten is an example of:
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anabolism
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These chisel-shaped teeth are adapted for precise cutting with moderate force:
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incisors
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This hormone, produced by the duodenum, causes an increase in the output of bile by the liver and pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonate ions:
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secretin
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What is the main digestive function occurring in the stomach?
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protein digestion
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What organ produces enzymes capable of digesting all of the major categories of organic compounds?
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pancreas
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What substance, produced by gastric glands, is needed for the absorption of vitamin B12 from the small intestine?
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intrinsic factor
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When cells oxidize amino acids for energy their _______ groups are removed and, ultimately, in the liver, converted to the waste _______ which is flushed from the body in urine.
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amine group; urea
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What is NOT a major nutrient (makes up the bulk of what we eat)?
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vitamins
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Which of the following is not an enzyme contained in pancreatic juice?
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pepsin
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Which of the following is not an enzyme associated with protein digestion?
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lipase
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What is NOT an important role of the liver?
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excretion of urea
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What is NOT characteristic of the large intestine?
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It has finger-like projections called villi in its mucosa.
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Which of the following is not one of the four basic layers or tunics of the wall of the alimentary canal?
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mesentery
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Which of the following is the body's most concentrated source of energy?
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fat
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Which part of the alimentary canal penetrates the diaphragm?
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esophagus
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The proper name for baby, or milk, teeth is:
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deciduous teeth.
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The two structures that keep food in the stomach during digestion are the:
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cardioesophageal and pyloric sphincters.
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cardioesophageal and pyloric sphincters.
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Serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, and mucosa.
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food pathway through the digestive process?
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Mouth, pharynx, esophagus stomach, small intestine, large intestine
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Which layer of the alimentary canal contains the lamina propria?
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Mucosa
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How many layers of muscles are found in the musclularis externa?
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3
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Food swallowing occurs in which of the following two phases?
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Buccal and pharyngeal-esophageal phases.
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In a broad sense, the digestion of food:takes place
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"outside" the body proper and enters upon the actually body via the process of absorption.
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The chemical digestion of food occurs by a series of reactions called:
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hydrolysis.
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Metabolism can be defined as:
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all the anabolic and all the catabolic processes taking place in the body.
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The major nutrients are:
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carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.
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The most important factor determining a person's basal metabolic rate is the amount of __________ in the plasma.
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thyroxine
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The three main metabolic pathways of cellular respiration are the:
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glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport pathways.
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What is NOT a function of the liver?
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Storage of antibodies
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the body's inability to:
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use phenylalanine properly.
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The most common congenital feeding defect of the digestive system is:
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cleft palate.
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Cystic fibrosis, typically viewed as a respiratory disease, has a profound affect on the digestive system because it:
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Blocks pancreatic fluid from reaching the small intestines.
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