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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is muscle fibre?
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the name of a single muscle tissue cell
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How many levels of CT wrapping are there?
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4
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What are the different levels of CT wrapping?
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- endomysium
- paramysium - epimysium - deep fascia |
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What is the endomysium?
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fine layer of CT that surrounds each muscle fiber
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What is the paramysium?
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sheath around a fascicle
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What is the epimysium?
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dense, fibrous CT that surrounds & holds together a group of fascicles
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What are deep fascia?
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coarser layer of dense CT that binds muscle into functional groups
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What do most muscles span?
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joints
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Where are most bones attached?
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to bones in at least two places
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What are the types of attachment points?
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- origins
- insertions |
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What is an origin?
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attachment of a muscle that remains relatively first during muscular contraction
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What is an insertion?
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movable attachment of a muscle
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How are most attachments formed?
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indirectly
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What do most attachments involve?
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a tendon or aponeurosis
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What do all skeletal muscle have?
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fascicles
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How many basic patterns do muscles have?
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4
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What are the basic muscle patterns?
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- parallel
- pennate - convergent - circular |
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What is a parallel muscle pattern?
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can be strap-like or fusiform
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What is a pennate muscle pattern?
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can be unipennate, bipennate, or multipennate
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What is a convergent muscle pattern?
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muscle is triangular or fan-shaped
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What is a circular muscle pattern?
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concentric rings surround exterior openings and contract to close them
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How can muscles work?
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together or in opposition
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How many functional groups do muscles have?
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4
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What are the functional groups of muscles?
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- prime movers
- anatagonists - synergists - fixators |
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What is the role of prime movers?
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muscle that the major responsibility of producing a specific movement
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What is the role of antagonists?
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muscles that oppose or reverse a particular movement
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What can antagonists provide?
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resistance to prevent overshoot or control rate of movement
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What is the role of synergists?
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muscles that help the prime mover by promoting a movement and reducing undesirable movements
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What is the role of fixators?
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immobilize a bone
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How are skeletal muscles named?
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- location of bone
- shape of muscle - relative size of muscle - number of origins - location of muscle's origins and/or insertions - action of muscle |
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What does the extensor carpi radialus longus tell us?
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- muscle's action
- what joint it acts on - what it lies close to - hints at its size |
