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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
lemur
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promsimian
mouse lemur & sifaka found on island madagascar |
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lorises
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bush baby
slow loris small bodies vocalizations to |
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tarsiers
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small bodied
leap around using hind legs nocturnal endagered south pacific and indonesia prosimian |
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new word monkeys technical term
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platyrrhines
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new world monkeys characteristics
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only found in new world
smaller dental formula: 2.1.3.3/2.1.3.3. wider spectrum, rounded and laterally facing nostrils aborheal semi-brachaited quadropedalism |
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callitrichids
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nwm
buffey headed marmoset golden lion tamarins twin births |
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cebids
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NWM
white throated capuchin howler monkeys |
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cattarhines
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largers than NWM, smaller than apes
dental: 2.1.2.3/2.1.2.3. ishial callosites: butt pad brachiation/quadropedialism narrow spetum and elongated slit no prehensile tail |
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cheek pouch monkeys
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cercopithecinae
store food in cheek pouches mandrill baboon |
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leaf eaters
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colobinae
specialized stomachs that have acids to break down cellulose bulk of diet is leaves colobus proboscis monkeys |
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apes - general characterstics
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no tail
terrestial found in africa and south pacific dental: 2.1.2.3/2.1.2.3 narrow septum and slits facing down broader chest, smaller snout, upright body posture, more encaphalized skeletal modifications making wrist more stable for knuckle walking |
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lesser apes
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vocalization- songs to attract mates
braichators - largely aborheal, really efficient and fast smaller bodied apes gibbons siamangs |
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orangutans
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ape
large bodied sexual dimorphism endangered |
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orangutans
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ape
large bodied sexual dimorphism endangered |
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gorillas
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ape
silverback 1 in group/leader decides where to go/protects the children |
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chimpanzees
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ape agressive/strong
DNA is similar to humans intelligent/cant control emotions jane goodall |
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bonobos
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ape
sexual promiscuity sex to: diffuse tension, procreate, females have sex with each other |
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how we endanger primates
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hunting
habitat destruction: trade: for zoos/research/pets pet/service animals: animals are domesticated but can hurt we can pass on illnesses to animals |
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conservsation
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education/awarness: programs that limit deforrestation, make people aware
ecotourism: money made goes to conservation efforts, minimize the impact of activities on the enviroment legislation: est particular hunting seasons, est. protective areas where you cant hunt |
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multimale-multifemale
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lots of males and females join in a big group
often described as fluid and fission/fusion typer of groups |
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polygyny
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many woman and 1 male; only other males are adolscents or infants
determines where they go, when they get food typically father of infant boys |
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all males
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all male monkeys
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dominance hierarchy
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talking about the relationships in the group
establishes behavior parameters |
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establish parameter
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hierarchial arrangement for who is in charge, higher ranking member has benefits, lower some drawbacks
higher ranking can control with a look/gesture psotition not permanate |
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"position not permanet"
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can fluctuate, position can be influenced by:
- age, sex, agressiveness, intelligence, birth order, mothers ranking in group |
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benefits of heirarchy
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reduces agression and conflict
with a higher ranking, literal benefits come |
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aggressive behavior
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fighting, hitting, bearing teeth, staring, biting
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grooming
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picking out dirt and insects from hair(hygenic)
pleasurable |
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altriusm
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helping others at the risk of your own safety
ex: unrelated adults helping orphans |
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cooperation
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individuals helping each other find food, share food
helping each other when they're threatened |
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cooperation
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individuals helping each other find food, share food
helping each other when they're threatened |
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estrus
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a period of sexual receptivity in females that is correlated with oluvation and hormonal cycles
can tell by swelling and changes in color of the genital area fertilization can occur |
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contorship
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temp relationship between a male and female where they spend a lot of time together and mate frequently
doesnt last after estrus is over |
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parental investment
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burden of raising offspring falls on mother
allomothering |
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allomothering
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non-maternal care
fathers and sibling unrelated adults take care of offspring |
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foragers
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saily search of food b/c they dont store food
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frugivore
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bulk of diet is fruit
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folivore
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bulk of diet is foliage/leaves
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omnivore
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eat little bit of everything
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behavioral ecology
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study of evolution of behavior that emphasizes the role of the enviroment on behavior patterns
if diet is ubiquitious, it supports a large group b/c there is less agression adn more resource availability |
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sociobiology
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study of the evolution of behavior hat emphasizes the role of genes on behavior; certain behaviors can be passed down
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sociaobology ex
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testerosterone and agression; increased levels of test. make a male more agressive, leads to higher level of dominance- icreased chance of mating = more geneticallt fit
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ways primates communicate
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vocalization
posture facial expressions autonomic response |
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foxp2
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genes that deals with precise coordination and how sensory intakes go through our brain and back into our muscles
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learned behavior
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passed down through many generations
different behaviors are acceptable depending on what culture you live in |
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chimps
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first to use tools: leaf sponges, spears, nutcrakers, termine fishing
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macaques
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washing food
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homology
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a structre that is shared by two organisms with a common ancestor
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anology
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a structer that is shared b/c of common functional adaptation
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ancestral cladistics
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has not altered since the ancestral condition
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derived cladistics
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has from ancestral condition
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bio species concept
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a species that can interbreed and produce viable offspring
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