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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Primates are flexible and not particularly vulnerable to habitat change and hunting.
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False
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Unlike apes, monkeys:
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Have limbs (arms and legs) of relatively equal length.
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The presence of five digits on hands and feet is:
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A primitive mammalian trait, retained in most primates.
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Living lemurs are found only in:
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Madagascar.
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The two suborders of primates are:
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Prosimians and Anthropoids.
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As reported by Jane Goodall in "Flo and Her Family", chimpanzee babies are able to walk and follow their mothers in a few hours after birth.
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False
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Relative to other primates, prosimian adaptations include:
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Enlarged olfactory bulb and enlarged scent glands.
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Suspensory primates generally have longer legs than arms.
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False
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A skull with a fora men magnum belongs to:
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An individual that is fully quadrupedal, such as a dog.
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The presence of a honing complex relates to:
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Canine size
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The increase brain size observed in the order of primates:
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A. Results in extended periods of nursing and development to accommodate increasing behavioral complexity.
C. Demonstrates the importance of intelligence in primate evolution. D. BOTH A AND C |
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In J. Goodall's report on Fifi and Flint, the chimpanzee offspring of matriarch Flo, which of the following is true?
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A. Flo is an especially tolerant mother, serving as a role model for her offspring
C. Flint is often in need of reassurance from his mother Flo, bur he gradually learns to trust his sister Fifi E. Both A and C |
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A feature unique only to human teeth and human ancestors' teeth is:
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A canine that shows wear on the tip.
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Because of the enhanced sense of touch, most primate species have nails instead of claws on the back of the finger tips.
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True
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In J. Goodall's report on "Flo and her Family", kidnapping Flint was practiced by_______ in order to gets Flo to move on.
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Flint's siblngs
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Modern primates are characterized by arboreal adaptations including:
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Opposable thumbs
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Primates' enhanced sense of vision stems from:
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A. Eye rotated forward
C. Color vision D. BOTH A AND C |
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Primate females:
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Give birth to fewer offspring than do many other mammals
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The suborder prosimians includes:
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Diurnal and nocturnal lemurs
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Anthropoids include:
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Monkeys, apes, and humans
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Anthropoids differ from prosimians in that they:
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Have better color vision
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The suborder prosimians includes:
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Lemurs, lorises, galagos, and tarsiers
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Humans are the only primates who lack a sectorial complex on the premolar. This is an example of:
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A derived trait, because it is present in only one or few species of a group
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The reintroduction project of lemurs on St. Catherines Island provided more evidence of:
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The fact that primates exhibit remarkable levels of adaptability under many circumstances
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While observing primates at the zoo, you notice that the particular monkey you are watching uses its hands, feet, and tail to move throughout the trees in its enclosure. This is most likely:
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A New World monkey, because some of these species have a tail with grasping abilities similar to those observed in nonhuman primate hands and feet.
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Relative to body size, primate brain size:
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Is larger among great apes than among other primates
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Which of the following were identified by Sir William le Gros Clark as tendencies of primates?
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A. The presence of arboreal adaptations B. Increased parental investment C. The presence of dietary plasticity D. ALL OF THE ABOVE.
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Preadaptation is:
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The use of an anatomical feature in a way unrelated to the features's original function
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Some primate groups break apart and reunite depending on food supply
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True
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Grooming relationships in body size is greater in societies where males do not compete for access to females.
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False
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Sexual dimorphism in body size is greater in societies where male do not compete for access to females.
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False
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Monogamy is characteristic of:
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Gibbons
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Anthropologist S. Hrdy has suggested that infanticide:
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May be an evolved reproductive strategy
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Variability in female primate reproduction is usually related to:
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A. Variation in access to high protein, easily digestible food C. Dominance rank D. BOTH A AND C
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Researchers have shown that male primates most often compete for mates while female primates compete for other resources. This illustrates:
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That reproduction places different demands on males and females in terms of energy expenditures, resulting in vary reproductive strategies
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The higher the rank of a female primate the:
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Greater her access to resource, which results in higher birth rates
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Sociality among primates is likely the result of which of the following selective pressures?
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Predation
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Research on primate vocalizations shows that:
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A. Primates must learn to use and respond to vocalizations appropriately B. Primate vocalizations are modified to reflect context D. BOTH A AND B
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The use of different natural objects to obtain food, similar to that observed in chimpanzees, has been observed in:
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B. Capuchin C. Orangutans D. BOTH B AND C
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Certain primate vocalizations have been found to possess structural elements similar to those observed in human language.
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Through the discovery of the potential use of affixation by species of arboreal monkey
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Examples of culture include all of the following except:
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Koko the gorilla recognizing herself in the mirror
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When observing primates at the zoo, you notice a male and female gibbon quite similar in size, unlike what you previously saw in the hamadryas baboon enclosure. You know that:
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The lack of sexual dimorphism you see is due to decrease competition for mates in a monogamous social structure
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Grooming, an affiliative or cooperative behavior, serves all of following expect:
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Preventing diseases form spreading within a social group
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Although altruistic behavior benefits others while being a disadvantage to the altruistic individual, it likely exists exists in primate societies because:
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A. Altruistic behaviors are not directed randomly but toward related individuals
B. Altruistic behaviors are an example of kin selection C. Altruistic behaviors are likely to be observed in group where there is high genetic relatedness among individuals D. ALL OF THE ABOVE |
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Chimpanzee hunting has been used as a model of the origins of human hunting because:
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A. Chimpanzees are the closest relatives of humans
B. Hunting has a nutritional basis C. Hunting is most successful when chimps hunts together D. ALL OF THE ABOVE |
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D. Fossey found that Gorillas would charge if surprised by human visitors, but generally responded peacefully to each other and to humans when not provoked or frightened.
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True
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D. Fossey studied the mountain gorilla's
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A.
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Primatologists in the field, such as D. Fossey, study their primate species'
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A. Social Behavior
B. Anatomy and physiology C. Ecology and Habitat D. Chances of survival E. ALL OF THE ABOVE |
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J. Goodall was the first to document:
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A. Use of stick tools by chimpanzees
B. Predatory behavior of chimpanzees C. Enduring nature of mother offspring bond in chimpanzees D. ALL OF THE ABOVE |
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Altruistic behaviors include all of the following except:
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Dominance behavior
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The earth is about 4.6 billion years old
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True
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The study of what happens to an organism's remains after death is:
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Taphonomy
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The theory that species persists for long periods and then undergo rapid spurts of evolutionary change is:
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Punctuated equilibrium
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The "supercontient" that existed about 200 mya, from which the modern continents ultimately emerged, is called:
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Pangaea
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As recently as a few 100 yrs ago, most Westerners thought the earth was about how many years old?
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6,000
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If fossil species A is consistently recovered from geological deposits beneath layers containing fossil species B, then A is considered older than B. This relative dating technique is based on the principle of:
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Superposition
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One of the only fossil sites in the world that preserves a great deal of evidence for anthropoid evolution during the Ecoene and Oligocene epcohs is:
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Fayum, Egypt
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Rapid burial after death usually impedes fossilization
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False
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The absolute dating method that involves counting the annual rings visible in the cross section of a tree is called:
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Dendrochronology
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Variants of elements that differ based on the number of neutrons in the atom's nucleus are called:
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Isotopes
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With a half life of 5730 yrs, 14c fating is useful for dating carbonbearing objects as far back as:
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50,000 yrs ago
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Based on the molecular clock, it is estimated that the hominid lineage diverged from that of the chimpanzee about:
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6- 8 mya
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In terms of geologic time, human beings are a very recent arrival on Earth.
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True
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Which geological time period is referred to by geologist as the oldest portion of Earth's history, accounting for roughly 87% of that history?
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Precambrian eon
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A diagram (family tree) that proposes hypothetical ancestor- descendant relationships between species is a:
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Phylogeny
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Which of the following is FALSE regarding absolute dating techniques?
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Each can work with any type of material
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The ratio C3 to C4 plants in a paleoenvironments can be estimated using the ration of two stable isotopes of which element derived from fossils or ancient soils?
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Carbon
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Fossils representing most of the living groups of animals (eg: fish, insects, mammals) derive from the Precambrian eon
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False
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Recent paleoenvironment reconstructions suggest that the earliest members of the hominid lineage evolved in:
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Woodlands along both rivers and lakes
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Which of the following is not one of the main methods for reconstructing ancient environments?
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40k/ 40 Ar analysis of lava flows and of ash layers
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The dating technique in which proteins are examined under high magnifications using polarized light is:
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Amino acid dating
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Paleomagnetic dating relies on:
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the periodic reversal of the earth's magnetic poles
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In the article, "Chimps Grieve as Much as Humans" Pansy was a wild chimp observed by Cheryl Knotts
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False
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As reported in "Chimps Grieve as Much as Humans", we can interpret the behavior pf Pansy's relatives and friends
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A. As similar to that of humans who care about a dying and then deceased loved one
C. As a precursor to more elaborate awareness among humans that must have been present in the common ape ancestor we share with chimps D. Both A and C |
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Wild chimp mothers and primates in general often carry and care for their dead infants for weeks or even months because
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Their mother - infant bond is programmed by natural selection to be very strong
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The first primate fossil ever recorded was of Adapis parisiensis, described by G. Cuvier in France in 1822
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True
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The first true primates (euprimates) appear in the fossil record about 56 mya
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True
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Adapids had tooth comb in the lower jaw, like living lemurs.
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False
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It is now a desert, but 30 mya the Fayum region of Egypt was a wet tropical forest
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True
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Which of the following is NOT a typical primate trait?
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Sideways- facing eyes
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The group of archaic mammals that lived during the Paleocene epoch and are likely very closely related to the earliest primates are:
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Plesiadapiforms
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The plesiadapiform genus that had an opposable bug toe with a nail at the end and therefore may be ancestral to euprimates is:
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Carpolestes
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The calcaneus (heel bone) of Eosimias suggests that it may be very primitive:
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Anthropoid
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Approximately when did the African tectonic plate contact the Eurasian plate, allowing early African apes to migrate throughout the Old World?
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17 mya
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If you are examining the fossil remains of the genus Dryopithecus, they are most likely from where?
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France
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Sivapithecus is widely recognized as an ancestral member of which ape lineage?
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Orangutan
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Gigantopithecus, the largest primate that ever lived, weighed approximately:
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300 kg
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The very large baboon-like monkey (up to 80 kg or 176 lbs) that lived during the African Plio-Pleistocene was:
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Theropithecus oswaldi
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Which Eocene primate from China has recently been proposed as an extremely primitive, and tiny, anthropoid?
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Eosimias
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Based on the existing fossil record and the genetic of living primates, the most likely place of origin for New World monkey is:
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Africa
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Which fossil group is not characterized by an eye orbit fully enclosed by bone?
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Plesiadapiforms
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If you traveleud back in time to Africa about 27 mya and came across a group of the early ape Proconsul feeding in a tree, what would you NOT expect to see these animals doing?
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Hanging by their tails
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The space between the canine and the first premolar in the lower jaw of some primates is a(n):
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Diastema
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Based on the fossil record, scientists agree that primates were much less geographically widespread in the past than they are today.
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False
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During the Miocene epocj of the Cenozoic era, there was an adaptive radiation of which kind of primate?
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Apes
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Apes went extinct in Southern Europe (eg France, Spain, Italy, Greece) during the late Miocene, probably as a result of:
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Climate change
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The most distinctive feature of ape dentition, which clearlt distinguishes apes from Old World monkeys, is:
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a Y5 molar pattern
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Primitive Old World monkeys from the mid to the late Miocene of Africa are member of which family?
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Victoriapithecidae
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A fossil primate with legs and arms of about equal length would most likely have gotten around using which form of locomotion?
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Quadrupedalism
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Which of the following is NOT one of the main hypotheses to explain primate origins?
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Aquatic ape hypothesis
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