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126 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a fracture in the shaft of a bone is a break in the
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diaphysis
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endosteum can be found
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lining the medullary cavity
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muscle tendon fibers attach to bone by interlacing with
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periosteum
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the organic matrix of bone consists of
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all of the above (collagenous fibers, protein, polysaccharides)
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in bone formation the cells that produce the organic matrix are
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osteoblasts
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the cells responsible for active erosion of bone minerals are called
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osteocytes
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which of the following is not one of the primary functions performed by bones
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hormonal production
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the cell organelles that synthesize organic matrix substances in bone formation are
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endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
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the osteon or haversian system
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delivers nutrition to and removes products from bone cells
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in intramembranous ossification the process of appositional growth refers to the
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addition of an outside layer of osseous tissue on flat bones
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hematopoiesis is carried out in the
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red bone marrow
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the primary ossification center of a long bone is located
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in the diaphysis
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the major purpose of the epiphyseal plate is
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lengthening long bones
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the first step in healing a fracture is
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the formation of a fracture hematoma
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normally bone loss will begin to exceed bone gaining between the ages of
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35 and 40
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in bone growth the medullary cavity is enlarged because of the activity of
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osteoclasts
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the most abundant type of cartilage is
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hyaline
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the form of the external ear is composed of
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elastic cartilage
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which is not a part of the axial skeleton
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clavicle
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which is not part of the appendicular skeleton
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parietal bones
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the axial skeleton consists of ___ bones
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80
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the appendicular skeleton consists of ____ bones
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126
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the term sinus as it relates to bone markings can be defined as a
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cavity within a bone
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which bone is a part of the axial skeleton
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rib
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which bone is a part of the appendicular skeleton
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scapula
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which suture is between the occipital and parietal bones
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lambdoid
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mastoiditis is the inflammation of a sinus within which bones
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temporal
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which skull bone articulates with the first vertebra
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occipital
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the upper parts of the nasal septum and the side walls of the nasal cavity are formed by which bones
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ethmoid
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which of the following is a true statement
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the ethmoid is an irregular bone that lies anterior to the sphenoid but posterior to the nasal bones
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which of the following bones does not articulate with the maxillae
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mandible
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if the cribriform plate is damaged there is a chance of q
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infectious materials passing from the nose to the brain
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a fontanel can best be described as an
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unossified area in the infant skull
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the upper part of the sternum is called the
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manubrium
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the skeletal framework of the neck consists of ___ vertebrae
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cervical
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the number of thoracic vertebrae is
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12
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the number of true pairs of ribs in the body is
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7
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the trochlea and capitulum can be described as
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distal portions of the humerus
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the human hand has greater dexterity than the forepaw of any animal because of the
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freely movable joint of the thumb
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the ulna articulates proximally with the
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humerus
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metacarpal bones form the framework of teh
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hand
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the pisiform bone can be found in the
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wrist
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the structure above the pelvic inlet which is bordered by muscle in the front and bone along the sides and back is called the
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false pelvis
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the anterior of the pelvic girdle is formed by the
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pubis
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during childbirth a baby passes through an imaginary plane called the
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pelvic outlet
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the longest and heaviest bone in the body is the
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femur
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a person with a fractured patella would expect discomfort in the
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knee
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which of the following is not a tarsal bone
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scaphoid
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which of the following is not true
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all of the above are true (the pubic arch in the male is less than a 90 degree angle, the pelvic cavity is narrower in the male than in the female, the coccyx is less flexible in the male)
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going form proximal to distal the bones of the upper extremity are
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humerus, radius, carpals, metacarpals
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which of the following is a true statement
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the structural classification of joints centers around the type of connective tissue that joins the bones together
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which of the following is not an example of a fibrous joint
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sympheses
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what are the unique joints that occur between the root of a tooth and the alveolar process of the mandible or maxillae
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gomphoses
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what are the most movable joints in the body
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synovial
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in terms of structure which type of articulation has a joint capsule
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synovial
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in terms of function which is considered an immovable joint
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synarthrosis
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a condyloid joint is an example of a _____ joint
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biaxial
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which joint allows for the widest range of movement
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ball and socket
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the pads of fibrocartilage located between the articulating ends of bones in some diarthroses are called
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menisci
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menisci are
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fibrocartilage pads
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an example of a hinge joint are the
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interphalangeal joints
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the knee joint is an example of a _______ joint
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hinge
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an example of a pivot joint is
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the head of the radius articulating with the ulna
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the distal end of the radius articulating with the carpal bones in an example of a ______ joint
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condyloid (ellipsoidal)
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which of the following is an example of a biaxial joint
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condyloid
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a gliding joint is an example of a
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multiaxial
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which joint allows for the most movement
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ball and socket
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skeletal muscles constitute approximately _____ of our body weight
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50%
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the connective tissue sheath that envelopes bundles of muscle fibers is the
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perimysium
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the covering of individual muscle fibers is the
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endomysium
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groups of skeletal muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue envelope called the
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perimysium
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an aponeurosis could be described as
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flat sheet of connective tissue connecting muscle to other structures
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muscles that contract at the same time as the prime mover are called
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both a and b (synergists, fixators)
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which of the following is not a component of a lever system
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fixator
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the type of lever arrangement in which the pull is exerted between the fulcrum and resistance or weight to be moved is a _____-class lever
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third
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muscles may be named according to
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all of the above (function, direction of fibers, points of attachment)
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the sternocleidomastoid muscle is an example of a muscle named for its
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points of attachment
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a muscle that assists with mastication is the
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masseter
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the muscle that draws the eyebrows together producing vertical wrinkles above the nose is called |
corrugator supercilli
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which of the following muscles has fibers on a transverse plane
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transverse abdominis
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which of the following muscles functions to protect the abdominal viscera
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all of the above (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis)
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which muscles form most of the pelvic floor
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levator ani
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purposeful movement is determined by
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all of the above (relationship of muscles to joints, how muscles are attached to the skeleton, the manner in which muscles are grouped)
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which fibrous connective tissue structures have a lining of synovial membrane
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tendon sheaths
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which of the following muscles does not move the upper arm
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trapezius
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all of the following muscles are part of the rotator cuff muscles except the
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deltoid
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the teres major and teres minor muscles move the
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arm
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the muscle that allows the thumb to be drawn across the palm to touch the tip of any finger is the
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opponens pollicis
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the muscle that raises or lowers the shoulders or shrugs them is the
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trapezius
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the muscle that extends and adducts the arm is
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latissimus dorsi
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the posterior arm muscle that extends the forearm is the
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triceps brachii
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the muscle that flexes the semipronated or semisupinated forearm is the
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brachioradialis
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muscles that move the upper arm originate on teh
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clavicle and scapula
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in pushing (pressing) a weight from shoulder height to above the head, which of the following muscles is least utilized
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biceps brachii
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the muscles assisting in rotating the arm outward is the
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teres minor
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the action of the brachialis muscle is to _____ the forearm
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flex
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th3e flexor muscles that move the fingers are mostly located on the
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anterior medial surface of the forearm
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which of the following is not a muscle that moves the thigh
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sarcospinalis
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which of the following is not a muscle of the quadriceps femoris group
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biceps femoris
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when an athlete injures a muscle of the hamstring group the injury is on the
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posterior thigh
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Which of the following is not a function of muscles
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storage
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The muscles ability to stretch or extend and to return to its resting length is called
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extensibility
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The contractile unit of a muscle cell is the
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sarcomere
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Which structure allows the electrical signals to travel along the sarcolemma and move deeper into the cell
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Transverse tubules
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The four kinds of protein that make up myofilaments are
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myosin, actin, tropomyosin, troponin
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According to the sliding filament theory
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Actin moves past myosin
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The energy required for muscular contraction is obtained by hydrolysis of
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ATP
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Anaerobic respiration results in the formation of an incompletely catabolized molecule called
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lactic acid
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The minimal level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract is called the
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Threshold stimulus
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Three phases of twitch contraction are the
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latent period, contraction phase, and relaxation phase
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Repeated stimulation of muscle in time lessens its excitability and contractibility and may result in
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fatigue
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Central nervous system consists of
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brain and spinal cord
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Sympathetic division produces the
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fight or flight response
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Efferent nervous system consists of all
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outgoing motor pathways
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What has the ability of phagocytosis
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Microglia
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What helps to form the blood–brain barrier
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Astrocyte
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What produces the fatty myelin sheath in the PNS
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Schwann cell
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What is the largest and most numerous of the neuroglial cells
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Astrocyte
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What produces the myelin sheath in the CNS
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Oligodendrocyte
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What type of neuroglia that forms the neurilemmal
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Schwann cell
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What is called the "star cell"
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Astrocyte
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The disorder of this cell is associated with multiple sclerosis
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Oligodendrocyte
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What are classified as nerve fibers
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Axon and dendrites
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What conducts impulses toward the cell body
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Dendrites
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A neuron with one axon and several dendrites is a
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Multipolar neuron
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Which type of neuron lies entirely within the CNS
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Interneuron
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