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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Memory
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mental process involved in acquiring, storing and recovering info
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Encoding
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acquiring info into memory system
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storage
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retaining info
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retrival
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recovering info
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sensory memory
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all the senses, first stage memory enters
large-not unlimited images 1/2 sec- auditory 2 to 4 sec |
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Iconic memory
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visual info
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echoic memory
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auditory info
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Short term memory holds how many things?
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7 items
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Chunks and chunking
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grouping info into new unit
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maintenance rehersal
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repeating info until in short term in order to remember
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elaborative rherasal
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related to different info already in long term so you can remember
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Long term
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storehouse of info
unlimited-permanent |
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procedural memory
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motor skills, habits, how things are done memory,
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declarative memory
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episodic- personal events and experiences
semantic-facts and general knowledge |
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primacy effects
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first is remember better than middle
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recency effect
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last is remembered better than middle
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recall
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general cue to retrieve a memory
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recognition
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use of specific cue to retrieve memory
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forgetting curve
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Herman Ebbinghaus- initial plunge of lose of short term memory-levels off- slowly declines
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Interference theory
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when 2 similar memories compete and interfere. Altered memory
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proactive interference
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old memories interfere with new info
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retroactive interference
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new info interferes with old info
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encoding failure
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short term to long term error
pay attention to what you are doing |
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retrieval failure
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info in long term but unavailable
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Amnesia
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severe loss of memory
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retrograde amnesia
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cant remember past
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antergrade amnesia
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unable to form new memories
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memory distortion
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changed-deleted-exaggerated
ELIZABETH LUFTUS |
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Elizabeth Loftus
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personal memories can be altered if given misleading info
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Mnemonics
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making connections with old and new info
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Acronyms
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code word for 1st letters
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Language
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communication spoken and written words, and gestures
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Phonemes
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smallest unit of sound
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morphemes
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smallest unit of meaning
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syntax
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grammatical rules for putting words in correct order
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Chomsky
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different cultures learn same stages of languages
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Benjamin Whurf
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Language shapes thoughts-
linguistic relativity hypothesis |
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Mental Images
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mental pics of stored sensory experience
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Heuristic
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general rule of thumb, shortcut
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mental set
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to use what worked before
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functional fixedness
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think to only function normally
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confirmation bias
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confirms preexisting beliefs
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availiability heuristic
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judging likelihood based on personal experience
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representative heuristic
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judging event on if materials match example
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creativity
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produce novel solutions to a problem
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divergent thinking
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problem solvers come up with many solutions
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creative thinkers
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resist social pressure, willing to grow, change, motivated, and complex
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