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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Apologetics |
derived from apologia (greek); legal term referring to a verbal defense offered in response to an accusation |
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Epistemology |
Knowledge of moral standard |
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Ontology |
Existence of moral standard |
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Ethics |
Moral principles that govern a persons' behavior |
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Inductive Argument |
example: Classical Apologetics Not necessarily a definitive conclusion |
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Deductive Argument |
Example: logical POE Definitive conclusion |
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Inerrancy |
Literally no error |
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Canon |
Rule; standard |
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Formation of the CANON |
1. Apostolic authorship 2. Endorsement by an apostle 3. Antiquity (close proximity to the events of Jesus) 4. Orthodoxy (In accord with apostolic teaching) 5. Catholicity 6. Lection (was book being widely read and used in churches |
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Inspiration |
Verbal (the words themselves are inspired) Plenary (full-all of the words and big ideas are inspired by God) refers to interpretation |
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Textual Criticism |
Trying to understand the original wording of the text (consider history, culture, and setting of the time of the text) |
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Evidentialist Apologetics |
*Emphasize Facts- contends that the best way to defend the faith is to present the factual evidence for its crucial claims *Claiming the beliefs and truths of the Bible based on the evidence seen throughout history and personal experience *inductive-results in probable conclusions Reps: Josh McDoweel, John Montgomery, Lee Strobel, J. Warner Wallace +: familiar, accessible, biblically warranted -: assumes theistic worldviews; uses hidden presuppositions; diminishes the role of personal factors affecting perception of facts |
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Classical Apologetics |
Emphasizes RATIONALITY and LOGICAL coherence of the Christian faith Two step approach: 1. argue for the existence of God 2. show that Christianity is the most reasonable form of theism Deductive reasoning Reps: C.S. Lewis, Norman Geisler, R.C. Sproul, J.P. Moreland, Ravi Zacharias, Willam Lane Craig uses: Cosmological, telelogical, moral, and ontological +: affirms the universal applicability of reason; rasises awareness of the unavoidable role -: overestimates the adequacy of reason as a criterion for truth; depends on theistic arguments of debated validity and value; overlooks the personal dimensions of knowledge and belief |
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Presuppositional Apologetics |
No neutrailty (it is impossible to have no presuppositions) +: most theological in its methodology; recognizes the role of worldviews and is suited for postmodern climate -: underestimates value of empirical evidence; does not deliver all its promises of terms of vindicating the entirety of the Christian worldview (the whole Christian theism cannot be proved with a single argument); commits the logical fallacy of vicious circularity, assuming the very thing that is to be proved |
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Presuppositions |
*the most fundamental convictions a person has regarding reality, knowing and conduct *a basic heart commitment *necessary preconditions and things that must be in order for other things to take place |
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Transcendental Argument |
The Laws of Logic (not from human minds or nature, from God) |
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Cosmological Argument |
from world to God Everything that is created has a beginning The universe has a beginning There is a creator-God unmoved mover |
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Fine Tuning Argument |
must be a creator to fine tune the values in order for the universe to extist |
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Law of Causality |
everything that has a beginning has a cause |
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Teleological Argument |
Order/ design to God Designer must exist |
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Moral Argument (what it is an isn't claiming) |
Existence of objective moral values to God
Depends on the objective moral values; not on human minds. Objective moral values therefore God exists |
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Difference between objective and subjective moral values |
Objective: humans have metaphysical rights- rights that are a reality beyond what is perceptible to the senses Subjective: our own moral beliefs |
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Textual variants |
differences in the text |
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Theodicy |
an attempt to justify God Response to the POE in the world that attempts logically, relatively and consistently to defend God as omnipotent, all loving and just, despite the reality of evil |
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Logical Problem of Evil |
1. If God is omnipotent, he is able to prevent evil 2. If God is good, he wants to prevent evil 3. But evil exists Therefore either God is omnipotent or he is not good ***deductive |
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Natural Evil |
anything that is the result of natural things (hurricanes, diseases, death) |
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Moral Evil |
Sin of rational creatures; malicious destruction/intent; angels, humans, demons |
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Greater Good Defense |
*some evils are necessary in order for some greater goods to come about. Evils are justified because greater goods result from them *we do not know in this world all the goods God is planning for us so trust in the mysterious goodness of God is necessary -: does not explain gratuitous evils and why natural evils exist |
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Theocentric Greater Good Defense |
John Frame!! *Human happiness is not neglected by not paramounts *God's ultimate aim is to glorify himself *God's greater glory brings with it a greater good for creation in general and for those who *love God but not for every individual person or thing in the universe |
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Free Will Defense |
*Evils is a product of the human ability to make free decisions *Only way to eliminate evil is to take away free will, but that would be to make us less than human *Moral evils are the result of the fall, natural evils result from the cause |
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Best of All Possible Worlds Defense |
This world is the best since God, being all good and all powerful can only choose to make the best possible world. *God could not have brought a better world into existence |
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Euthyphro's Dilemma |
Plato's dialogue between Socrates and Euthyphro **Is a thing good because the gods say it is? Or do the gods say a thing is good because of some other quality is has? If so, what is that quality?** |
