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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the most stable kind of adaptation? |
Hunting/gathering |
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How many people made of groups? |
30-40 |
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How was leadership during early cultures? |
informal & temporary |
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Where were most settlements during early cultures? |
Caves |
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What kept populations small and healthy? |
natural selection |
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3 cultures of the big game hunting tradition & order? |
Clovis, Folsom, Plano |
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How many mammoths/mastodons did the Clovis kill at a time? |
1 |
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What is the diagnostic stone tool of the Clovis people? |
Clovis projectile point |
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What material was used to tie point to spear? |
tendons |
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What type of flaking was used to shape Clovis tips? |
Percussion flaking |
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How long were Clovis tips? |
3-6" |
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What were the 2 killing techniques of the clovis people? |
marsh trapping attacking from atop cliff |
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What site is home to the oldest evidence of human burial? |
Anzick (Montana) |
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What was placed on the bodies of the first human burials? |
red ochre & broken spears |
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What were the 4 types of sites of the Clovis people? |
caves camps kill sites stone quarries |
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What site in NM provides the sequence of the Big Game Hunting Tradition cultures? |
Black Water Draw |
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What became extinct at the time of the Folsom culture? |
Mammoth & mastodon |
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What was the largest megafauna for the Folsom culture? |
long horned bison |
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What was the kill technique of the Folsom? |
surround kill (overkill) |
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How long were the points used by the folsom? |
2"
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What type of flaking was used by Folsom? |
Pressure flaking |
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How did the Folsom point differ from the Clovis point? |
shorter larger flute concave base |
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What tool did the Folsom use to throw spear? |
Atl-atl |
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What 3 sites contain information about Folsom culture? |
Folsom (CO) Black Water Draw (NM) Thunder Bird (VA) |
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Where was the earliest evidence of housing structure in N. America found? |
Thunder Bird (VA) |
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What animal became extinct at the beginning of the Plano culture? |
Long horned bison |
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What type of flaking was used by Plano people? |
Pressure flaking |
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What technology with stone was used to preserve food and allow teeth to become more expendable? |
grinding/milling stone |
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What are the 3 culture of the Eastern Woodlands (order)? |
Archaic Woodland Mississippian |
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How did hunting/gathering evolve in the Archaic tradition? |
everything available: fish, shellfish, deer |
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Why were base camps developed by Archaic people? |
access to resources able to store excess foods gradual increase in population |
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What culture developed the plummet? |
Archaic |
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What Archaic tool was used as a hoe? |
adze |
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What Archaic tool was a small axe used to remove bark and branches? |
celt |
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What stone object was placed on chests upon burial? |
gorget |
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What was used for trade in Great Lakes region ad along east coast? |
GL - copper EC - shells |
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When did the introduction of ceramic technology take place? |
2000 BC |
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4 points of ceramic technology: |
storing, transporting liquids food processing food easier to digest decorated according to groups |
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How did food collecting change during Archaic? |
From hunting/gathering to agriculture |
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How did social organization change during Archaic? |
from egalitarian to class differentiation |
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What was the most coveted metal during the Archaic? |
copper |
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8 points of Archaic: |
broad subsistence base base camps polishing copper social differentiation trade ceramics agriculture |
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What are the 2 culture of the Woodland tradition? |
Adena & Hopewell |
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What are the gradual consequences of agriculture? (5) |
surplus sedentism trade social differentiation population increases |
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What 3 mexican plants were domesticated by the Adena? |
gourd bean pumpkin |
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What % of food was provided by agriculture during Adena? |
50% & 50% hunting/gathering |
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What type of social organization developed during the Mississippian tradtition? |
incorporation of everybody under a centralized state authority |
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What weapon appeared during the Miss. tradition? |
bow & arrow |
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What city was formed during Miss. tradition? |
Cahokia |
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How may people lived in Cahokia? |
40,000 |
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What were the reasons for the decline of the Miss. tradition? |
overuse of topsoil competition over land |
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What were the 3 major influences of Mexico on the desert tradition? |
replacement of h/g with farming ceramics semi-subterranean pit-house |
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What 3 cultures occurred simultaneously during the SW tradition? |
Anasazi Hohokam Mogollan |
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What terrain did the Anasazi people inhabit? |
mountains (Pueblo Bonito & Mesa Verde) |
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What terrain did the Hohokam people inhabit? |
flat, desert
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What type of farming did the Hohokam people do? |
irrigation farming |
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Where did the Mongollan people inhabit? |
rugged mountains of Northern Mexico |
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How did the Mongollan people gather resources? |
Traded cotton for other food |
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What were the reasons of decline of the SW tradition prior to Spanish invasion? |
droughts competition over land/water |