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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define eukaryotic cells |
Describes a cell that contains a nucleus |
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What is an eukaryote |
An organism that is make of eukaryotic cells |
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What is a prokaryotic cell |
Single celled organisms that don’t contain a nucleus |
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How long are individual bacterial cells? |
1-10 micrometers in length |
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What kind of cells are bacteria cells |
Prokaryotes cells |
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Name three features of prokaryote cells |
-single celled -don’t have a nucleus -are smaller than eukaryotic cells |
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What is the ribosome |
A small cell organelle in the cytoplasm in which proteins are made |
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What is a chromosome |
Structure containing DNA, and found in nucleus of eukaryotic cells |
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Name the two components of nerve cells |
Axons and myelin sheath |
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What is the main difference between eukaryote and prokaryote cells? |
Eukaryote have a nucleus and prokaryote have no nucleus |
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Define diffusion |
Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to a lower concentration |
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How do glucose and oxygen move through animal cells |
Diffusion |
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Define axon |
The extension of a nerve cell along which electrical impulses travel |
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What is the function of nerve cells |
To pick up electrical impulses so that our actions can be coordinated |
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Define ribosomes |
Cell organelle in the cytoplasm where proteins are made |
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Name two things only present in plant cells |
-cell walls -chloroplast |
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What is cytoplasm |
Where most of the chemical reactions in the cell happen |
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What is the phloem |
Living cells that carry sugars made in photosynthesis to all cells of the plant |
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What is translocation |
The movement of sugars made in photosynthesis from the leaves of plants |
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What does biconcave mean |
A shape that curves inwards on both sides |
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Why does red blood cells have a biconcave shape |
To allow oxygen to be absorbed more quickly |
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Why do sperm cells have a tail |
To swim towards an ovum |
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Why does sperm have a large number of mitochondria |
To release energy so they can use it when swimming |
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How do you calculate total magnification |
Back (Definition) |
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Define myelin sheath |
The insulating cover along the axon, which speeds up electrical impulses |
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Define myelin sheath |
The insulating cover along the axon, which speeds up electrical impulses |
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Gh |
Dg |
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How are root hair cells adapted for their function |
-it has hairs to increase the surface area of the root so it can absorb more water |
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What is an electron microscope |
A microscope that uses electron beams in place of light to give higher resolution |
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What is resolution |
The smallest distance between two separate points |
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Describe the term turgid |
Describes a swollen cells |
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Explain why some cells have more mitochondria than others |
Some cells need more energy so they can carry out their function |
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Describe the structure of DNA |
It is coiled into a structure called chromosomes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes |
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Define alleles |
Two versions of the same gene, one from mother, one from father |
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Define gene |
A section of chromosome made from the DNA that carries the code to make a protein |
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Describe the required practical used to observe plant cells using a light microscope |
1. Use tweezers to remove thin sheet of cells from inner part of onion layer 2. Place the layer flat on a microscope slide 3. Place a drop of iodine onto the onion tissue 4. Put sellotape on the top of the tissue, making sure no air bubbles form 5.using the light microscope, observe the tissue on the lowest objective lens and make a drawing of what you observe |
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Define gametes |
Sex cells |
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Haploid |
Describes a cell or nucleus of a gamete that has an unpaired set of chromosomes |
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What is a diploid |
Describes a cell/nucleus of a cell that has a paired set of chromosomes |
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Name a type of cell that does not contain DNA |
Red blood cells |
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What is mitosis? |
Cell replication that produces two identical copies of a diploid cell |
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Describe the process of mitosis |
1. Chromosomes make copies of themselves and forms X chromosomes 2.the chromosomes line up and migrate to the middle of the cells 3. The cell divides and two identical cells are made
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What are daughter cells |
The cells produced during mitosis |
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Give two purposes of cells produced in mitosis |
For growth and repair of dead cells |
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What are stem cells |
An undifferentiated cell that can develop into one or more types of specialised cell |
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Define meristem |
An area of a plant in which rapid cell division occurs normally in the tip of a root or shoot |
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Define chromatid |
A copy of a chromosome during cell division |
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What’s the difference between a chromosome and a chromatid |
A chromosome is made up of two chromatids and chromatids separates from each other during mitosis to form two new chromosomes |
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Name two types of stem cells |
Embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells |
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Why is stem cell research an ethical issue? |
Some people disagree with it due to religious or moral reasons |