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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Base
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Nitrogenous bases are one of the components of nucleic acids, such as DNA.
Nitrogenous bases are of two major types: purines and pyrimidines |
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Chromosome
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A structure within the cell that bears the genetic material as a threadlike linear strand of DNA
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DNA
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A double-stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic information for cell growth, division, and function, deoxyribose nucleic acid
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Gene
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The fundamental, physical, and functional unit of heredity
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Glucose
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A simple monosaccharide sugar that serves as the main source of energy
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Histidine
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An amino acid
An essential amino acid found in proteins that is important for the growth and repair of tissue. |
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Leucine
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The most abundant amino acid found in proteins.An amino acid commonly found in proteins
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mRNA
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Abbreviated form for messenger ribonucleic acid, the type of RNA that codes for the chemical blueprint for a protein (during protein synthesis)
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Nucleic acid
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Any of the group consisting of linear chains of nucleotides composed of phosphoric acid, sugar and nitrogenous base
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Phosphate
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A salt of phosphoric acid
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Protein synthesis
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The creation of proteins by cells that uses DNA, RNA and various enzymes
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rRNA
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rRNA --> RNA
More specifically, rRNA sits in the Ribosome, decoding the mRNA into various amino acids and assisting in translation |
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Sugar
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Any monosaccharide or disaccharide, used especially by organisms to store energy.
Any sweet, crystalline solid disaccharide used as sweetener or preservative |
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Threonine
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The polar amino acid. A amino acid found in protein this particular amino acid is soluble in water
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Transcription
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It is the process of transcribing or making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of RNA (messenger RNA or mRNA) with the aid of RNA polymerases
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Translation
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A step in protein synthesis where the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The process follows transcription
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tRNA
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RNA involved in protein synthesis, i.e. transporting specific amino acid to the ribosome to be added onto the growing polypeptide chain
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