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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Interphase |
Nucleus appears normal, and the cell is performing its usual cellular functions. The cell is increasing all of its components, including such organelles such as mitochondria, ribosomes and centrioles. DNA replication occurs toward the end of this phase. |
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Mitosis |
Nuclear division where the new nuclei receive the same number of chromosomes as the parental nucleus |
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Cytokinesis |
Process where cytoplasm divides, two daughter cells are produced |
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Growth and Repair |
The function of mitosis in multicellular organisms |
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Asexual reproduction |
The function of mitosis in eukaryotic unicellular organisms |
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Meiosis |
Sexually reproducing organisms utilize this form of nuclear division, for the production of gametes (sex cells) - Sperm in males and eggs in female |
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G1 (Gap) S (Synthesis) G2 (Gap) M (Mitosis) |
Cell cycle stages (4) |
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G1 phase |
Growth of cell after cytokinesis |
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S phase |
Growth and DNA replication after G1 phase - At replication completion, there are two double helices and each chromosome is duplicated |
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G2 phase |
Growth and final preparations for division - Duplicated chromosome is visible because chromatin has condensed and compacted to form two chromatids held together at centromere |
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Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase |
Mitosis Stages (4) |
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Same |
In mitosis the parent cells have ___________ number of chromosomes as the daughter cell |
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Nucleus |
large organelle containing the chromosomes and acting as a control center for the cells |
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nucleolus |
organelle found inside the nucleus that produces the subunits of ribosomes |
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chromosome |
rod shaped body in the nucleus that is seen during mitosis and meiosis and that contains DNA and therefore the hereditary units or genes |
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chromatids |
the two identical parts of a chromosome following DNA replication |
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sister chromatids |
duplicates of a chromosome |
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daughter chromosome |
sister chromatids |
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centromere |
constriction where duplicates (sister chromatids) of a chromosome are held together |
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inetochorek |
body that appears during cell division on either side of a centromere; it attaches a chromatid to a spindle fiber |
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spindle |
microtubule structure that brings about chromosome movement during cell divisioisn |
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metaphase plate |
center of the fully formed spindle |
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centrosome |
central microtubule organizing center of cells; in animal cells there are two centrioles |
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centrioles
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short, cylindrical organelles at the spindle poles in animal cells within the centrosome |
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aster *animal cells only |
short, radiating fibers like stars surrounding the centrioles in dividing cells |
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Cleavage furrow |
-Indentation of the membrane between the daughter nuclei, begins as anaphase draws to a close. -Deepens as a band of actin filaments called the contractile ring slow constrict the cell, forming two daughter cells. *Animal cells |
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Cell plate |
- Membrane vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus migrate to the center of the cell and form a ______________, which is the location of a new plasma membrane for each daughter cell * Plant cells |
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Prophase Metaphase |
What phases of mitosis do the chromosomes have sister chromatids? |
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One kinetochore is assembled on each of the two sister chromatids of a chromosome, and both sister kinetochores become attached to opposite spindle poles by metaphase. Helps anchor chromosomes |
What is the function of the kinetochore? |
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During metaphase it helps move chromosomes to the center of the cell. During anaphase, spindle fibers move chromosomes and chromatids to the separate cellular poles, ensuring that one copy of every chromosome eventually ends up in each daughter cell |
What is the role of the spindle during mitosis? |
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The most observable difference is the way in which cytokinesis occurs. In plants a new cell wall is fashioned between the new daughter cells, while in animal cells the cell membrane constricts to pinch the parent cell into daughter cells. |
Contrast appearance of animal and plant cells during mitosis |
