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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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spontaneous generation
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the idea that life could arise from nonliving matter
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biogenesis
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The process in which life forms arise from similar life forms. It asserts that living things can only be produced by another living thing.
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homeostasis
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the process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
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reproduction
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the natural process among organisms by which new individuals are generated and the species perpetuated.
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evolution
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the change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms
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cell
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collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life
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tissue
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group of similar cells that perform a particular function
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organism
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An individual living thing that can react to stimuli, reproduce, grow, and maintain homeostasis. It can be a virus, bacterium, protist, fungus, plant or an animal.
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adaptation
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inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival
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hypothesis
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possible explanation for a set of observations or possible answer to a scientific question
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variable
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factor in an experiment that can change
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observation
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use of one or more of the senses to gather information
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carbohydrate
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compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body
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lipid
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macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes
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protein
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macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes
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nucleic acid
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macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
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composition
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in chemistry, the kinds and numbers of atoms constituting a molecule
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function
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The special, normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part.
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covalent bond
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bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms
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ionic bond
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bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
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scientific method
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1) ask a question
2) form a hypothesis 3) set up a controlled experiment 4) record and analyze results 5) draw a conclusion |
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chemical reaction
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process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals
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organic
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Of, pertaining to, derived from, or similar to an organ of the body.
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inorganic
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1) Of or pertaining to substances that are not of organic origin.
2) Relating to a substance that does not contain carbon. 3) Of mineral, rather than of biological, origin. |
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catalyst
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substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
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solute
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substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution
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solvent
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a substance in which a solute is dissolved to form solution
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acid
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compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution
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base
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compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH+) in solution
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salt
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The neutral ionic compound formed by chemical combination of acid and base, or through neutralization.
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proton
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An elementary atomic particle with a positive charge and a mass of about 1 amu.
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electron
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negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus
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neutron
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An elementary atomic particle that has no charge and a mass that is approximately the same as that of a proton. Are found in all atoms except the lightest isotopes of hydrogen.
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cell theory
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1) all living things are composed of cells
2) cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things 3) new cells are produced from existing cells |
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prokaryote
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unicellular organism lacking a nucleus
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eukaryote
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organism whose cells contain nuclei
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cell membrane
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thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
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cytoplasm
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material inside the cell membrane-not including the nucleus
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function of the cytoplasm
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where the functions for cell expansion, growth, metabolism, and replication are carried out.
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nucleus
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the center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons
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function of the nucleus
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contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities
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nucleolus
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small, dense region within most nuclei
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function of the nucleolus
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where the assembly of proteins begins
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ribosome
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small particle in a cell and is made up of RNA and protein
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function of the ribosome
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where proteins are assembled
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endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
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internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified
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function of the rough ER
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1) where newly made proteins are chemically modified
2) proteins that are released from the cell are synthesized here |
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function of smooth ER
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contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks, including the synthesis if membrane lipids and the detoxification of drugs
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Golgi apparatus
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stack of membranes in the cell
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function of the Golgi apparatus
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modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the ER
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function of the mitochondria
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cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
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lysosome
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cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell
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function of the lysosomes
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1) digest lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell
2) break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness 3) remove the "junk" that might otherwise clutter up the cell |
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cilia
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Microscopic, hair-like projection on the surfaces of some cells and of certain organisms.
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flagella
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Long, slender, threadlike, whiplike extension of certain cells or unicellular organisms used mainly for movements
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cell wall
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strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria
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chloroplasts
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organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
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vacuole
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cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
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passive transport
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movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
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