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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Nervous system |
A network of neurons and neuroglia found in two division's. The PNS and CNS |
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Central nervous system |
Consists of the brain and spinal cord. |
Processes incoming sensory information and sends signals that stimulate muscles to contract and glans to secrete. |
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Peripheral nervous system |
Consists of all the nervous tissue OUTSIDE of the CNS. |
Includes ganglia, nerves, enteric plexus and sensory receptors. |
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Name two divisions of the PNS |
Somatic and autonomic nervous systems |
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Somatic Nervous System |
Sensory neurons take info from CNS and send to somatic receptors in the body. Motor neurons that take info from CNS and send to skeletal muscles. |
Voluntary action |
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Autonomic nervous system |
Sensory neurons that take info from the autonomic sensory receptos to the CNS.
Motor neurons that take Info from CNS to smooth and cardiac muscle and glands. |
Involuntary |
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Name 2 divisions of Motor neurons of the Autonomic nervous system. |
Sympathetic division fight or flight. Parasympathetic division rest and digest. |
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Name 3 Functions of the nervous system. |
Sensory function, sensory receptors detect internal and external stimuli. Integrative function, nervous system processes the sensory information and initiates a resonpse. Motor function, after integration a motor response occurs through effectors. Muscles contract and glands secreat. |
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Neuron |
Nerve cell, possesses electrical excitability, the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it to an action potential. |
What a neuron is and what it does. |
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Stimulus |
An environmental change that starts an action potential. |
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Action potential |
A nerve impulse, an electrical signal that travels the surface of neurons. |
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Dendrite |
Emerge from cell body, acts as receiving portion of the neuron. It Contains Receptor sites for chemical messages. |
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Axon |
Emerges from cell body, takes nerve impulse to another neuron, muscle fibers or gland. Divides into axon terminals. |
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What does the Numonic SAME refer to? |
The pathway of communication through out the body. |
Sensory. Afferent. Motor. Efferent |
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Name 3 classifications of neurons. |
Multipolar Bipolar Unipolar |
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Multipolar neuron |
A neuron that consists of several dendrite and one axon. Found in the nerves of the brain, spinal cord and motor neurons. |
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Bipolar neuron |
Consist of one main dendrite and one axon. Found in Retna of eye, inner ear and olfactory center of the brain. |
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Unipolar neuron |
Dendrites and a single axon are fused together. Form a continuous structure off a cell body. The dendrites on this neuron are sensory receptors, impulses move down axon to axon terminas. |
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Synapse |
The area of communication between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector. |
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Presynaptic neuron |
The neuron that is transmitting the impulse to the synapse. |
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Postsynaptic neuron |
The neuron that is receiving the signal from the presynaptic neuron, and Carrie's it away from the synapse. |
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Name the 2 types of synapses. |
Electrical Chemical |
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Electrical synapse |
Action potential that occurs between the plasma membranes of the neurons sending and receiving, directly through gap junctions. |
Common in smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and developing embryos. Also the brain |
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Two advantages of electrical synapse. |
Fast communication and Synchronization. |
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Chemical synapse |
The plasma membranes of the pre and postsynaptic neurons don't touch. There is a separation between the two cells called the synaptic cleft. |
The presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters, that then bind with the postsynaptic neuron. |
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Name 7 phases of chemical synapse. |
A nerve impulse arrives at the presynaptic bulb. Depolarizing begins, voltege~gated calcium channels open. Calcium flows inward through the channel. When the calcium concentration increases, Exocytosis begins. Vesicles with neurotransmitters merge with the plasma membrane. The neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitters then diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to neurotransmitter receptors on the plasma membrane on the postsynaptic neuron. When the neurotransmitters bind to their receptors, ligand~gated channels open, so certain ions can flow through. When the ions flow through the open channels it changes the voltage of the neuron, called postsynaptic potential. If depolarization occurs the postsynaptic potential with reach its threshold causing an action potential, in the postsynaptic neuron. |
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