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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality
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and individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting
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Free association
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in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconsci in which the person relaxes and says w/e comes to mind, no matter how trivial/embarrass
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psychoanalysis
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freud's theory of personality that attributes the techniques used in treadint psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
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unconsicous
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according to freud a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories of wchich we are unaware
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preconscious area
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area btw conscious and unconsci from whcih we can grab thoughts
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id
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contains reservior of unconsci psych energy that strives to ssatisfy sexual and aggressive needs/drives. id operates on pleasure principle(demanding on immediated gratification)
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ego
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largely conscious, executive pert of personality that mediates amongthe demands ofthe id, superego and reality. ego operates on the preality principle (satis id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain
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superego
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part of personality that represents internalized ideals and provideds stds for judgements (the consci) and for future aspirations
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psychosexual stages
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childhood stages of developent (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genetal) during whcih, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distince erogenous zones
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Oedipus Complex
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boy's sexual desires toard mommy and feelings of odio and celos for his daddy (rival) (phallic stage)
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identification
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the process by which children incorp their parent's values into their developing superegos... provides gender i.d.
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fixation
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lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier stage, in whcih conflicts were unresolved
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defensive mechinisms
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in psychoanalytic theory, ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
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Repression
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DM ego's protective methods of educing anxiety by banishing anxiety-producing thoughts, feeling and memories from consci
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Regression
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DM when an individ is faced with anxiety, they retreat to a more infantile psychosex stage where some psychic NRG remains fixated
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Reaction Formation
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DM the ego unconsci switches unacceptible impusles into their opposites. Thus ppl may express feelings that are opposite of their anxiety arousing unconsic feelings
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Projection
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DM ppl disguise their own threatening impulses by attrib themto others
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rationalization
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DM offers self0justifying explanations in place of real, more threatening unconsci reasons for one's actions
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displacement
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DM shift of sexual/aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable/less threatening object/person as when reducing toward angger toward a safer outlet
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Alfred Adler
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N-F believed childhood social tensions are crucial for personality. Believed our behaviours work to conquer childhood feeling of inferiority. came up with inferiority complex, which he suffered from himself
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Carl Jung
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N-F unconscious=important but also thought that there was a collective unconscious (Common reservior of images derived from our species universal experiences)
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Karen Horney
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N-F Also gave priority to social over sexual tensions in chilhood. she believed childhood anxiety/feelings of helplessness triggers our desire for love and security
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collective unconscious
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jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' hisoty
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projective test
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personality test such as Rorschach or TAT that provides amibigiuous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics
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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
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Henry Murray-> a projective test in which people express their innerfeelings and interests through their made up stories about ambiguous scenes
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Rorschach inkblot test
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most widly used projective test, set of 10 inkblots (designed by H. Rorschach); seeks to i.d. inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of inkblots...no universal scoring technique
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Terror Management Theory
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proposes that faith in one's worldview and the pursuit of s-e provide protection against deeply rooted fear of death
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false consensus effect
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tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
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Freud's accepted theories are
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id, ego, superego, repression, projection, complex sibling rivalry, Freudian slips and fixation
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Maslow
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self actualization
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self-actualization
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maslow-> ultimate psycho need that arises after basic phys andpsycho needs ands-e is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
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Rogers
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unconditional positive regard, ppl nurture our growth by being empathetic--by sharing and mirroring our feelings and reflecting our meanings
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unconditional positive regard
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rogers-> an attitude of total acceptance toward another person
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self-concept
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all our thoughs and feeling about ourselves, in answer to the question: "who am i?"
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traits
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a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel/act as assorted by self-report inventories and peer reports
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factor analysis
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statistical approach to i.d. clusters of test items that tap basic components of intelligence (i.e. spatial/verbal skills)
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personality inventories
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questionare on which people respond to ietms designed to gauge a wide range of eelings and behaviors used to assess selected personality traits
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minnesota mulitphasic personality inventory (MMPI)
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most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. originally developed to i.d. emotion disorders (still considered it's most appropriate use) but is now used for many other screeningg purposes
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empirically derived test
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a test (as MMPI) developed by a testing pool of items and then selecting those that discirminate btw groups
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The Big 5 Personality Factors
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CANOE
conscientiousness, aggreeableness, neuorticism, openess, extraversion) |
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social-cognative perspective
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views behavior as influenced by interactions btw persons (and their thinking) and their social context
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reciprocal determinism
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interacting influences btw personality and environ factors
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personal control
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sense of controlling our environ rather than feeling helpless
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external locus of control
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perception that chance/outside forces beyond one's personal control determine one's fate
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internal locus of control
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perception that one controls one's own fate
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learned helplessness
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the hopelessness and passive resignation of animal/human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
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positive psychology
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martin seligman-> scientific study of optimal human fcning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive
pillars: 1. positive emotions 2. positive character 3. positive groups, communities and cultures |
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possible selves
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vision of all possible selves in future (good and bad)
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spotlight effect
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overestimate others' noticing and evaluating our appearance, preformance and blunders (presumption spotlight is always on us)
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self-esteem
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one's feelings of high/low self-worth
-defensive s-e=fragile -secure s-e= less fragile |
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serving bias
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readiness to percieve oneself favoribly
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