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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Flowering plants consist of what two systems?
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-Root system
-Shoot system |
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Dermal tissue system
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Forms the covering of the plant body
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Ground tissue system
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Makes up most of the young plant body
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Vascular tissue system
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Consists of xylem and phloem
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Three purposes of roots
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-Anchorage
-Absorption -Storage |
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Primary growth causes:
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roots to elongate
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Epidermis of the root is:
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very permeable to water
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Cortex
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Makes up much of the interior of a young root
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The vascular cylinder contains:
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conducting tissues
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Goal of stems:
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reach for light
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Four types of tissue in stem:
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-Epidermis (dermal tissue)
-Cortex (ground tissue) -Pith (ground tissue) -Vascular tissues |
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Apical meristem (def)
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The cluster of cells at the tip of a young shoot from which stems develop. Lies within the TERMINAL BUD
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Lateral buds (def)
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The cluster of cells at the node of a stem that can grow into branches
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The cortex and pith perform three major functions:
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-Support (turgor pressure)
-Storage (starch from parenchyma cells) -Photosynthesis (chloroplasts in cortex) |
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Secondary growth produces:
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Thicker, stronger stems
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Two major parts of leaves:
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-Blades (flat portion)
-Petioles (stalk) |
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Sapwood (def)
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Young xylem that transports water and minerals
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Heartwood (def)
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Older xylem that contributes only to the strength of the trunk and no longer carries water and solutes
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Xylem (def)
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Transports water and minerals from root to shoot
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Phloem (def)
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Transports a concentrated sugar solution up and down the plant (weaker than xylem cells)
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Tree trunks are made mostly of:
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secondary xylem (thick cell walls)
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Barks includes:
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-Phloem
-Cork cambium -Cork cells |
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Roots acquire minerals by a four-step process
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-Active transport into root hairs
-Diffusion through cytoplasm to pericycle cells -Active transport into the extracellular space of the vascular cylinder -Diffusion into the xylem |
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Mycorrhizae (def)
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Symbiotic relationship between land plants and fungi that allow both to receive nutrients
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Cohesion-tension theory (def)
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Water is pulled up the xylem, powered by transpirations (evaporation of water from the leaves)
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Two major parts of the cohesion-tension theory
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-Cohesion (water molecules held together, forming a solid chainlike column within the xylem tubes)
-Tension ("water chain" is pulled up the xylem using energy from evaporation) |
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Source (def)
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Any structure that actively synthesizes sugar (phloem fluids flow away)
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Sink (def)
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Any structure that uses up sugar or converts sugar to starch (phloem fluids flow toward)
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Pressure-flow theory (def)
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Most widely accepted mechanism of sugar transport which relies on differences inhydrostatic pressure to move fluid through sieve tubes
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Pericycle (def)
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the outermost layer of cells of the vascular cylinder of a root
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Abscisic acid (def)
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A plant hormone that generally inhibits the action of other hormones, enforcing dormancy in seeds and buds and causing the stomata to close
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Casparian strip (def)
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A waxy, waterproof band, located in the cell walls between endodermal cells in a root, that prevents the movement of water and minerals into and out of the vascular sylinder through the extracellular space
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Collenchyma (def)
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An elongated, polygonal plant cell type with irregularly thickened primary cell walls
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Companion cell (def)
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A cell adjacent to a sieve-tube element inphloem, involved in the control and nutrition of the sieve-tube element
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Endodermis(def)
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The innermost layer of small, close-fitting cells of the cortex of a root that form a ring around the vascular cylinder
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Leaf primordium (def)
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A cluster of meristem cells, located at the node of a stem, that develops into a leaf
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Parenchyma (def)
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A plant cell type with thin primary cell walls that carries out most of the plant metabolism (most dividing meristem cells in a plant)
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Periderm (def)
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The outer cell layers of roots and a stem that have undergone secondary growth, consisteing primarily of cork cambium and cork cells
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Root cap (def)
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A cluster of cells at the tip of a growing root that protects the growing tip from damage
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Sclerenchyma (def)
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A plant cell type with thick, hardened secondary cell walls that both supports and protects the plant body
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Tracheid (def)
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An elongated xylem cell with tapering ends that contains pits in the cell wall; forms tubes that transport water
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Vascular cambium (def)
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A lateral meristem located between the xylem and phloem of a woody root or stem and that gives rise to secondary xylem and phloem
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