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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Dalton Atomic Model
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Elements are composed of particles called atoms, atoms of the same element are alike in mass and size, atoms of different elements have different mass and size, atoms combine to form compounds by the union of two or more atoms of different elements, atoms combine to form compounds in simple ratios, and atoms of two elements may combine in different ratios to form more than one compound.
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Law of Definite Composition
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A compound always contains two or more elements chemically combined in a definite proportion by mass.
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Law of Multiple Proportions
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Atoms of two ore more elements may combine in different ratios to produce more than one compound.
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Subatomic Particles
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Electrons, protons, neutrons.
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Electron
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(e-) A particle with negative charge (-1)
(Number of electrons for IONS = atomic number - the charge) (If not ionic (no charge (pos. or neg.) number of electrons = number of protons) |
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Proton
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A particle with mass and a positive charge (+1)
(Number of protons = atomic number) |
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Neutron
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Neither positive or negative (neutral)
(Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number) |
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Thomson Model of the Atom
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Electrons are negatively charged particles embedded in the positively charged atomic sphere.
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The mass of an helium atom is 6.65 x 10 ^ -24 g. How many atoms are in a 4.0 g sample of helium?
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(4.0 g) x (1 atom He (Helium) / 6.65 x 10 ^ -24g) = 6.0 x 10 ^23 atoms He.
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Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment
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An experiment where small particles were shot at a thin sheet of gold. It was found that a small percentage of the particles were deflected, while a majority passed through the sheet.
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Atomic Number
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The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
(Atomic number = number of protons in the nucleus) |
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Isotopes
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Atoms of an element having the SAME atomic NUMBER but DIFFERENT atomic MASSES.
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Mass number
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The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
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Atomic mass unit (amu)
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A unit of mass equal to 1/12 of a carbon-12 atom.
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How many protons, neutrons and electrons are in this isotope?
mass number- 16 atomic number- 8 symbol- O |
protons = 8
electrons = 8 neutrons = 8 |
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How many protons, neutrons and electrons are in this isotope?
mass number- 80 atomic number- 35 symbol- Br |
protons = 35
electrons = 35 neutrons = 45 |
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How many protons, neutrons and electrons are in this isotope?
mass number- 235 atomic number- 92 symbol- U |
protons = 92
electrons = 92 neutrons = 143 |
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How many protons, neutrons and electrons are in this isotope?
mass number- 64 atomic number- 29 symbol- Cu |
protons = 29
electrons = 29 neutrons = 35 |
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Chlorine is found in nature as two isotopes:
mass - 37 atomic number - 17 symbol- Cl percent abundance - 24.47% -and- mass- 35 atomic number -17 Same symbol percent abundance - 75.53% The atomic masses are 36.96590 and 34.96885 amu respectively. Find the average atomic mass of chlorine (Cl). |
(0.2447) x (36.96590 amu) + (0.7553) x (34.96885 amu)
= 35.46 amu (4 sig figs) |
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Writing Ionic Compound Formulas
(Ex 1: Calcium Chloride) |
Ions= Ca 2+ and Cl-
-CRISS-CROSS- Bring the (2+) to the Cl and the (-1) to the Ca Therefore the formula = CaCl2 (The one does not need to be represented in formulas) |
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Writing Ionic Compound Formulas
(Ex 2: Magnesium Oxide) |
Ions= Mg 2+ and O 2-
The (2-) from O neutralizes the (2+) from the Mg (Because 2 + -2 is 0) Therefore the formula = MgO |
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Writing Ionic Compound Formulas
(Ex 3: Barium Phosphide) |
Ions= Ba 2+ and P 3-
-CRISS CROSS- Bring the (3-) from P to Ba and the (2+) from Ba to P (Not the charges; just the number) Therefore the formula = Ba3P2 |
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Writing Binary Compounds of Metal Forming One Type of Cation
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1st) Write the name of the Cation.
2nd) Write the suffix (ide) for the suffix. (Ex: CaBr2 = Calcium BromIDE |Li2O = Lithium OxIDE) |
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Writing Binary Compounds Contaning a Metal That Can Form 2 or More Types of Cations:
Ca 2+ and Br 1- |
= CaBr2
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Write the Ionic Compound Formula for:
Mg 2+ and N 3- |
= Mg3N2
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Writing Binary Compounds Contaning a Metal That Can Form 2 or More Types of Cations:
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1st) Write the name of the cation.
2nd) Write the charge of the cation as ROMAN NUMERAL In parentheses. 3rd) Write the stem of the anion and add the suffix (ide). |
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Writing Binary Compounds Contaning a Metal That Can Form 2 or More Types of Cations:
(Ex: FeCI2) |
Fe (Iron) Cl (Chlorine)
Fe (2+ charge) Cl (1- charge) Fe (2+ charge) = Roman numeral (II) Formula = Iron (II) ChlorIDE |
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Name this Binary Ionic Compound:
FeCI3 |
= Iron (III) Chloride
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Name this Binary Ionic Compound:
CuCI |
= Copper (I) Chloride
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Write the formula for this compound:
Tin (IV) Chromate |
= Sn (CrO4)2
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Write the formula for this compound:
Chromium (III) Bromide |
= CrBr3
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Naming Binary Compounds Containing 2 Nonmetals
(Ex: PCl 5-) |
1st) Write the name of the first element using a prefix if there is more than one atom of the element.
2nd) Write the stem of the second element and add the suiffix (ide). Use a prefix to indicate the number of atoms for the second element. (E.g. (in numerical order) mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca...) PCI 5- = Phosphorus PENTAchlorIDE |
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Name this Binary Compound:
SO2 |
= Sulfur Dioxide
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Name this Binary Compound:
N2O5 |
= Dinitrogen Pentoxide
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