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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
productivity
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lakes ability to support aquatic life
measured by the algae growth "produces" algae |
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lakes vs productivity
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Oligotrphic
-low priductivity -well Oxygen Eutropihc -high productivity -low oxygen |
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water density and overturn
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most dense at 4 degrees
therefore we get overturn |
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Limnic eruption
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C02 exploding from tropical lakes
no overturn |
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BOD
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Biochemical oxygen demand
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Dissolved oxygen vs temp
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Higher temp = lower Do
think of hot vs cold cola |
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Do Sag curve
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5 zones
-clean (start) -Decompisition (gets worse) -Septic (@ the worst) -Recovery ( I got better) -Clean (end) |
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infiltration vs inflow
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- infiltration (sneaky) ground water
- Inflow = storm water |
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overall waste water treatment process
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Pre-treatment
-Bar rack -Grit chamber -Equalization Primary --Primary settling Secondary -Biological treatment -Secondary settling Tertiary -Advanced waste treatment |
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pre treatment
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-removes materials causing operational problems
-sand grit debris |
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Primary treatment
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-Removes 60% solids and 35% BOD
-suspended particles |
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Secondary treatment
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-Remove 85% BOD and Solids
-biological removes: -BOD -Ammonia -Nitrate -Phosphate - |
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Advanced treatment
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-Remove +95% BOD and Solids
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Dispersed Growth vs Fixed Growth
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Dispersed Growth - floating around
– Activated sludge – Oxidation ditches/ponds – Aerated lagoons, stabilization ponds Fixed Growth - grow on something – Trickling filters – Rotating biological contactors (RBCs) |
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Activated sludge
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Aerobic ponds
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shallow = light pentrates to bottom
algae photosynthesis |
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Anaerobic ponds
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used as pretreatment for high strength/temperature wastes - fermentation |
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Facultative ponds
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Aeraobic at the top of pond
Anaerobic at the bottom of the pond |
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sludge types
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Primary
-3-8% solids -70% organic Secondary -0.5-2% solids -90% organic |
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Sludge treatment process
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Thickening
Stabilization Conditioning De-watering Reduction |
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Thickening
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by gravity for primary
flotation for seconodary |
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stabilization
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Aerobic Digestion -2 main advantages -produce methane -doesn't add oxygen |
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Conditioning
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chemical conditioning
heat treatment |
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de-watering
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drying beds
filtration (vacuum) |
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reduction (volume)
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incineeration
-need dry -need fuel -solid inert -treat exhaust air wet oxidation -wet is ok -need energy -solid inert -treat exhaust air |
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Disposal
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Spreading
Municipal landfill |
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Water treatment process
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Screen
Rapid mix Floculation (reaction) Sedimentation recarbonation (GW only) Rapid sand filter Disinfection Storage |
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Coagulation and Flocculation
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alter surface charge
particles adhere to each other and are capable of gravity settling |
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Additives during water treatment
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Surface water Alum (Al2(SO4)3) Ground water Lime and Soda ash |
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Alkalinity
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because of carbonates + H
HCO3 + CO3 + OH + H |
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Hardness calculation
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Total Hardness = Ca + Mg
Alk = HCO3 + CO3 + OH + H Carbonate Hardness = lesser of TH or Alk Non-carbonate H = TH - CH |
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hardness bar graph
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Cations on the top
Anions on the bottom |
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Recarbonation
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adds CO2 to dissolve particles
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landfill???
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