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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the 3rd major body fluid? |
Cerebrospinal fluid |
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What provides a physiologic system to supply nutrients to the nervous tissue, remove metabolic waste, and produce a mechanical barrier to cushion the brain and spinal cord against trauma? |
Cerebrospinal fluid |
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What is lines the brain and spinal cord? |
Meninges |
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What are the three types of meninges? |
Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater |
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What comes from the latin word that means "hard mother", lines the skull and vertebral canal (external part of meninges)? |
Dura mater |
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What is the "spiderweb like", filamentous inner membrane? |
Arachnoid mater |
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What is "gentle mother", innermost layer, lines the surface of the brain and spinal cord? |
Pia mater |
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Where CSF is being produced? |
Choroid plexuses |
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Approximately, how many ml of CSF fluid is being produced by adults? |
20 ml/hour |
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The CSF fluid flows through the ___________ located between the arachnoid and pia mater? |
subarachnoid space |
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In order to maintain the volume of CSF, where it is being reabsorbed back into the blood capillaries and has a rate equal to the production? |
arachnoid granulations/villi |
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What is the normal volume of CSF in adult? |
90-150mL |
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What is the normal volume of CSF in neonates? |
10-60mL |
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What are the two mechanism of selective filtration of CSF? |
hydrostatic pressure and active transport secretion |
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Note: The chemical composition of the CSF does not resemble an ultrafiltrate of plasma. |
remember |
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What is a tightly fitting junctures structure of endothelial in choroid plexus? |
Blood brain barrier |
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Who protects the brain from the chemicals that other substances circulating in the blood that can harm tissue? |
blood brain barrier |
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The disruption of blood brain barrier allows to enter the? |
WBC, protein and other chemicals |
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What do you call a routine collection of CSF? |
lumbar puncture/tap |
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Where CSF is being collected? |
third, fourth, and fifth lumbar vertebra |
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How many CSF should be collected in the patient under normal pressure? |
20 mL |
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How many CSF should be collected to the patient under less than or greater than normal pressure? |
1-2ml |
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Elevated pressure requires fluid to the withdrawn ______. |
slowly |
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How many tubes should be collected in CSF? |
3 sterile tubes |
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Tube 1 is used for? |
chemical and serologic tests |
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Tube 2 is used for? |
microbiology test |
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Tube 3 is used for? |
hematology section |
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A 4th tube may be used in what kind of test? |
microbiology testing and can also be used additional to serological testing |
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If only 1 tube is being collected from the patient, what is the test should be prioritized? |
First: Microbiology Second: Hematology Third: Chemical/Serological |
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Note: Ideally in the laboratory, tests that are performed on the a CSF sample should be STAT basis. |
remember |
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Tube 1(chemical/serological) should be kept in what temp? |
Frozen |
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Tube 2 (microbiology testing) should be kept in what temperature? |
20-25*C (room temperature) |
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Tube 3 (hematology testing) should be kept in what temperture? |
Ref temp. 2-6*C |
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What is the clinical significance if the appearance of the CSF is crystal clear? |
Normal |
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What is the cllinical significance if the appearance of the CSF is hazy, turbid, cloudy, milky? |
Meningitis, Disorder affecting the BBB, production of the IgG in the CNS |
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What is the measurement of the increased WBC in order to say that it is a clinical significant? |
>200 uL |
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What is the measurement of the increased RBC in order to say that it is a clinical significant? |
>400 uL |
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What are the causes of the appearance of CSF in hazy, turbid, cloudy, milky? |
WBC, Increased WBC >200 uL, Increased RBC >400 uL, presence of microorganism, increase proteins and lipids |
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If the appearance of the CSF is oily, what could be the causes of the appearance? |
Radiographic contrast media |
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What is the specific gravity of the patient that is exposed in the radiographic contrast media? |
1.050 |
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What is the cause of appearance of grossly bloody/ bloody? |
RBC is greater than 6000 uL (>6000 RBC/uL) |
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What is the clinical significance of the patient that have a grossly bloody appearance of CSF? |
traumatic tap or hemorrhage |
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What is the cause of appearance of the xanthochromic sample if it is color yellow? |
bilirubin |
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What is the cause of appearance of the xanthochromic sample if it is color pink? |
slight amount of oxyhemoglobin |
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What is the cause of appearance of the xanthochromic sample if it is color orange? |
heavy hemolysis |
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What is the cause of appearance of the xanthochromic sample if it is color brownish? |
methemoglobin formation |
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What is the terminology used to described these color of pink,orange, yellow? |
xanthochromic |
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What is the clinical significance of the xanthochromic sample if there is a hemoglobin in the sample? |
Old hemorrhage and lysed cells from traumatic tap |
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What is the clinical significance of the xanthochromic sample if there is a bilirubin in the sample? |
RBC degradation and elevated serum level |
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What is the clinical significance of the xanthochromic sample have a carotene in the sample? |
Increased serum levels |
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What is the clinical significance of the xanthochromic sample if there is a protein in the sample? |
Disorder affecting the BBB |
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What is the clinical significance of the xanthochromic sample if there is a melanin in the sample? |
meningeal melanosarcoma |
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If the appearance of the CSF is clotted what would be the causes of the appearance and what would the clinical significance? |
protein - disorder affecting the BBB. clotting factors - traumatic tap |
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If the appearance of the CSF is pellicle, what would be the causes of appearance and the clinical significance? |
Protein - disorder affecting the BBB. Clotting factors - tubercular meningitis |
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What would the cause of the grossly blood, if the blood distrubtion in the 3 tubes is evenly distributed? |
intracranial hemorrhage |
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What would be the cause of the grossly bloody appearance if the clot formation is positive? |
traumatic tap |
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What would be the cause of grossly blood appearance of the CSF if the supernatant of the sample is xanthochromic supernatant (produces yellow color after 2 hrs passed)? |
Intracranial hemorrhage |
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What would be the cause of grossly bloody appearance of CSF sample if the sample is erythrophages and D-dimer test positive? |
Intracranial hemorrhage |
