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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the cardiovascular response to exercise?
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increase Q, increase BF, decrease visceral and kidney and spleen blood flow, increased brain and coronary and muscle bloow flow
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how does the HR respond to different types of exercise?
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lower response to strength than endurance
is proportional to muslces mass - MVC% upper body dynamic exercise resuls in higher HR due to higher circulatory load |
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what icreases SV during acute exercise? mechanisms?
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increases - training status, exercise modality, body position
frank-starling, increased cardiac contractility - increase EF |
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what happens to diastolic pressure during dynamic exercise and after?
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does not increase, might decrease during and after
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how much can Q increase during exercise?
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from 5L/min ->20
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what accounts for 50% of the increase in oxygen consumption during exercise?
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a-vO2 difference and cardiac output
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where is there no vasoconstriction during exercise?
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brain and heart
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what are the protective mechanisms during exercise?
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cardiovascular triage -
prevent coronary and CNS ischemia limit blood flow to muscles during exercise vasoconstriction can override skeletal muscle demands heart and muscle do not need to resort to anaerobic metabolism can increase BF to muscles by decreasing work of breathing |
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what is CV drift?
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increased BF to skin, BF reduction due to sweating and fluid shift from blood to tissues, decreased sympathetic tone, reduced availability of blood to working muscles
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what does the oxygen consumption capacity of muscle depend on?
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fiber type and mitochondrial mass
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how do you determine performance efficiency?
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training status, ventilation, body composition and power output
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what is efficiency and how is it decreased?
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30% as energy is lost as heat, wasted movement and mechanical factors
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what are better predictors of endurance performance than VO2 max
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ability to exercise at high % of VO2 max
La clearance capacity performance economy |
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how much does VO2 max increase with training?
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20%
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training effects on SV?
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increased at rest, and specifically at maximal and submaximal exercise - no more than 20%
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why does SV adapt to training?
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increase plasma volume, longer diastolic phase and improved starling
increase LV mass and contractility due to increased Myosin ATPase |
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how does HR adapt to training at rest and during exercise?
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rest - (parasympathetic influence) - decrease by less than10bpm,
exercise - submaximal - 10-20bpm decrease, maximal - small decrease my optimize cardiac filling time |
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how does heart size and function adapt to training?
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increased EDV - endurance, ventricular muscle mass and wall thickness - strength
left ventricle changes the most in response to endurance training mainly due to an increase in ventricular filling |
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what is the adaptation in a-vO2 difference and training?
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slight increase as specific fibers increase their ability to extract O2 due to increase mitochondrial volume, myoglobin and shorter diffusion distance
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blood pressure adaptations to training?
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rest - 10/8 decrease in hypertensive, small incresae in borderline individuals
exercise - decrease in SBP and DBP during submaximal no effect on SBP during maximal exercise |
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what is the blood volume response to training?
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increased volume (ADH and aldosterone) and RBCs - decreased viscosity, Hct may decrease
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distribution of blood flow adaptation to training?
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coronary - decreases at rest and submaximal due to decreased HR, increase during maximal - same for muscle blood flow
skin blood flow - no response to training - but vasodilation to skin occurs earlier and results in increased sweating to cool during exercise |
