Fatty Acids And Lipids

The components of a sphingolipid include one, or more, of the following:

A. fatty acid

B. sphingosine

C. isoprenoid

D. glycerol

E. carbohydrate

A fatty acid designated as 20:0 is ________, while one that is designated 20:3 Δ5,8,11 is ________.

Phosphatidylinositol is:

A. isoprenoids that must be obtained from the diet

B. intracellular messengers that are components of the plasma membrane

C. steroid hormones that are produced in one tissue for an effect on another tissue

D. fatty acid derivatives that act on tissues in which they are synthesised

Lipids can be generally classified as (more than one option may apply):

A. specific action lipids

B. storage lipids

C. dietary lipids

D. membrane lipids

E. tissue lipids

F. fatty lipids

Ceramide is a component of one, or more, of the following:

A. cholesterol

B. sphingolipids

C. terpenes

D. phospholipids

E. triacylglycerol

The polar head group of cholesterol is

A. glycerol

B. phosphate group

C. hydroxyl group

D. choline

E. the alkyl chain

Which of the following contains an ether-linked alkyl group?

A. sphingomyelin

B. gangliosides

C. platelet-activating factor

D. cerebrosides

A biomolecule that is relatively insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents can be considered a:

A. carbohydrate

B. protein

C. nucleotide

D. lipid

E. polysaccharide

The name ‘fatty acid’ reflects:

A.‘Fatty’ refers to the hydrocarbon chain in the molecule that is preferentially insoluble in organic solvents. The ‘acid’ refers to the carboxyl functional group that is hydrophilic.

B.‘Fatty’ refers to the triacylglycerol chain in the molecule that is preferentially soluble in organic solvents. The ‘acid’ refers to the acetyl functional group that is hydrophilic.

C.‘Fatty’ refers to the hydrocarbon chain in the molecule that is preferentially soluble in organic solvents. The ‘acid’ refers to the carboxyl functional group that is hydrophobic.

D.'Fatty’ refers to the hydrocarbon chain in the molecule that is preferentially soluble in organic solvents. The ‘acid’ refers to the carboxyl functional group that is hydrophilic.

Fatty acids required in the diet of mammals are called

A. important

B. dietary

C. saturated

D. essential

E. esters

Testosterone is a:

A. steroid hormone that are produced in one tissue for an effect on another tissue

B. isoprenoid that must be obtained from the diet

C. intracellular messenger that are components of the plasma membrane

D. fatty acid derivative that act on tissues in which they are synthesised

Which of the following statements about membrane lipids is true?

A. Lecithin (phosphatidylcholine), which is used as an emulsifier in margarine and chocolate, is a sphingolipid.

B. Glycerophospholipids contain fatty acids linked to glycerol through amide bonds.

C. Glycerophospholipids are found only in the membranes of plant cells.

D. Some sphingolipids include oligosaccharides in their structure.

At physiological pH fatty acids have the structure R-COO- where R is a long hydrocarbon chain of varying lengths and the negatively charged carboxyl group is the anion. This means that at physiological pH a fatty acid such as palmitic acid is:

A. a basic molecule

B. an amphibolic molecule

C. an acidic molecule

D. an amphoteric molecule

Lipids may be either hydrophobic or ________.

A. Hydrophilic

B. Amphoteric

C. Inorganic

D. amphipathic

Fatty acids are derivatives of:

A. glycosidic chains

B. hydrocarbon chains

C. phosphodiester chains

D. carbonyl chainsE. peptide chains

Ceramide is an important lipid because it is a precursor (helps make):

A. sphingolipids

B. isoprenoids

C. steroids

D. terpenes

Which of the following best describes a phospholipid?

A. A major component of the plasma membranes of cells

B. An energy fuel stored in the adipocytes

C. None of the above

D. Choline esterified with glycerol-3-phosphate

E. An ester of glycerol with one or more fatty aci

A lipid derived from isoprenoid precursors is:

A. palmitate.

B. arachidonate.

C. cholesterol.

D. prostaglandin G2.

E. sphingosine.

The components of cholesterol include one, or more, of the following:

A. fatty acid

B. isoprenoid

C. phosphate

D. sphingosine

E. glycerol

A fatty acid designated ω-3

A. has three double bonds.

B. is saturated.

C. has a double bond three carbons from the end of the chain.

D. has a double bond three carbons from the α-carbon.

The idea is that the egg yolk prevents the butter from separating into an oil phase when added to the aqueous solution. The main ingredient responsible for preventing this separation of butter is phosphatidylcholine (otherwise known as lecithin). Phosphatidylcholine has this effect because it is:

A. a polar sphingolipid

B. a completely non-polar lipid

C. an amphoteric molecule

D. a non-polar triacylglycerol

E. an amphipathic molecule

F. a charged terpene

Phosphatidylinositol is:

A. steroid hormones that are produced in one tissue for an effect on another tissue

B. isoprenoids that must be obtained from the diet

C. intracellular messengers that are components of the plasma membrane

D. fatty acid derivatives that act on tissues in which they are synthesised

Which of the following statements about hydrogenation is correct?*

A.Hydrogenation is a process used to improve the shelf life of vegetable oils in cooking and improve their stability at high frying temperatures.

B.Hydrogenation converts most of the trans double bonds in a vegetable oil to single cis bonds. This decreases the melting point of the oil and makes it more liquid.

C.Hydrogenation converts some of the cis double bonds in a vegetable oil to trans single bonds. This decreases the melting point of the lipid and makes it more liquid.

D.Hydrogenation converts most of the cis double bonds in a vegetable oil to single bonds. This increases the melting point of the oil and makes it more solid.

The components of a phospholipid include one, or more, of the following:

A. sphingosine

B. fatty acid

C. carbohydrate

D. glycerol

E. phosphate

The sperm whale can dive to great depths and still maintain buoyancy because its spermaceti organ contains spermaceti oil that gradually solidifies with increased depth and decreased temperature. This property of spermaceti oil is due to the presence of particular waxes and___________.

A. a high percentage of only saturated fatty acids

B. triacylglycerols comprised of saturated fatty acids

C. triacylglycerols comprised of unsaturated fatty acids

D. a high percentage of only trans fatty acids

Which one of the following statements relating to fatty acids is incorrect?

A. Oleic acid is the most abundant saturated fatty acid with five carbon-carbon double bonds

B. Palmitic acid has a 16-carbon chain

C. Arachidonic acid is derived from an essential fatty acid

D. A wax is composed of a fatty acid condensed with a long chain alcohol

E. Palmitic acid is the most abundant saturated fatty acid component in the triglyceride stores of humans

Which of the following statements about sterols is true?

A. The principal sterol of animal cells is ergosterol.

B. All sterols share a fused-ring structure with four rings.

C. Sterols are found in the membranes of all living cells.

D. Sterols are very soluble in water, but less so in organic solvents such as chloroform.

Lipids that can be used for storing energy include:

A. sterols

B. cholesterol

C. prostaglandins

D. triacylglyerols

E. sphingolipids

Which of the following is not true of sterols?

A. They are precursors of steroid hormones.

B. Cholesterol is a sterol that is commonly found in mammals.

C. They are more common in plasma membranes than in intracellular membranes (mitochondria, lysosomes, etc.).

D. They have a structure that includes four fused rings.

E. They are commonly found in bacterial membranes.

Coconut oil contains only a small amount of unsaturated fat but it still has a relatively low melting point because it contains mostly:

Triacyglycerols are comprised of negatively charged fatty acids and polar glycerol. Why then are they considered uncharged and non-polar molecules?

A. the polarity of glycerol is lost when it forms an ether bond with fatty acids

B. the polar hydroxide groups of glycerol are esterified

C. the non-polar groups of fatty acids neutralise the charged groups

D. the polar charged group on a fatty acid is present but not effective

E. the charge on a fatty acid is lost when it forms an ester bond with glycerol