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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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why an organisation has to maintain good standards of fire safety as: |
Moral (or humanitarian) - relating to the need to:Reduce injuries, pain and suffering.Promote a positive fire safety culture to help improve morale.Contribute to the reduction of fire-related fatalities and injuries, and environmental damage.Legal - relating to the need to:Comply with statutory requirements.Avoid prosecution and penalties or the issue of enforcement notices.Satisfy the common law duty of employer to employee, and duty of care owed by the occupier of a building.Avoid compensation claims resulting from injuries suffered by employees.Economic (or financial) - relating to:Avoiding:Costs of repairing or replacing damaged buildings and plant.Uninsured costs of cleaning-up operations after a fire.Costs arising from damage to the environment.Costs associated with the investigation of a fire.Costs of defending a civil claim.Financial implications of false alarms.Improving levels of production and quality from a confident and motivated workforce.Enhancing the organisation’s reputation and relationship with the community and other organisations. |
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Define the 2 types of fire. |
Primary fire is any fire that involves. *Casualties *Rescue or escape *Property *Attendance of at least 5 fire appliances. Secondary Fires are reportable fires that *Did not involve property casualties or rescue *Were attended by 4 or fewer appliances |
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False alarms may be: |
*Unwanted alarms, triggered by fumes from cooking processes, steam from bathrooms and showers, tobacco smoke, dust, insects, and aerosol sprays. *Equipment false alarms, generated by faults within the system equipment. *Malicious false alarms, triggered when there is no fire.False alarms with good intent, triggered when there is no fire. |
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Duties of the Responsible Person |
*Carry out a risk assessment to identify the general fire precautions that are required, and review this when necessary. *Take general fire precautions to ensure that the premises are safe *Appoint one or more competent persons to assist in the implementation of appropriate preventive and protective measures. *Implement appropriate arrangements for the effective *Provide employees with information on the fire risks, the preventive and protective measures, and emergency procedures. *Provide the employer of any other persons working on the premises with information on the fire risks, the preventive and protective measures, and emergency procedures. *Ensure that the premises and any facilities or equipment provided in relation to fire safety are maintained. *Eliminate or reduce risks from dangerous substances. *Ensure that appropriate equipment for detecting fire, raising the alarm and fighting fire is provided. *Ensure that employees are provided with adequate safety training. *Establish appropriate procedures to be followed in the event of serious and imminent danger, including competent people to implement evacuation procedures. *Ensure that additional emergency measures in respect of dangerous substances are in place. |
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Enforcement Agencies |
*The Fire and Rescue Authority is predominantly responsible for most workplaces, other than construction sites and sports grounds. As well as the obvious emergency role, the Fire and Rescue Authority investigates fires and, on the basis of information gained, develops and implements fire prevention and protection policies. *The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is the enforcing authority in relation to construction sites, nuclear installations and ships under construction, conversion or repair. *Local authorities are responsible for fire safety arrangements in sports grounds. |
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As part of their duties, fire safety inspectors may carry out routine fire safety inspections and may want to examine the following documents during the inspection: |
*The fire risk assessment for the premises. *Previous inspection reports and details of any resulting corrective action. *The fire logbook.Records of employee training. *Records of fire drills.Reports on incidents or near misses. *Enforcement documents.Policies and procedures for testing and maintaining fire safety systems (fire alarms, emergency escape lighting, sprinkler systems, smoke ventilation systems, fire- fighting equipment, etc.) *.Records of the testing of fire safety systems. |
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In an emergency situation, the authorized officer may do anything necessary to: |
*Extinguish or prevent a fire or protect life or property - if he reasonably believes a fire to have broken out or to be about to break out. *Rescue people or protect them from serious harm - if he reasonably believes a road traffic accident to have occurred. *Discharge any function conferred on the Fire and Rescue Authority in relation to another type of emergency situation - if he reasonably believes an emergency of another kind to have occurred. *Prevent or limit damage to property as a result of taking actions described above. |
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When obtaining information and investigating fires, the authorized officer may enter premises without the use of force to: |
*Obtain information needed for the discharge of a Fire and Rescue Authority’s functions. *Investigate the cause of a fire or why it progressed as it did. |
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Alterations Notice |
SERVED IF The premises constitute a serious risk There is a change in the premises increasing the risk There is a change to the use of the premises increasing the risk. * State that the enforcing authority is of the opinion that the premises constitute a serious risk to relevant persons, or may constitute such a risk, if a change is made to them or the use to which they are put. *Specify the matters which in their opinion constitute, or may constitute, such a risk to relevant persons. *Once served, an alterations notice will remain in force until withdrawn by the enforcing authority, or cancelled by a court following appeal. |
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Enforcement Notice |
SERVED IF The responsible person has failed to comply with any provision of the RRFSO *State that the enforcing authority is of the opinion that there has been a failure to comply with a provision of the RRFSO (or the Fire (Scotland) Act 2005/Fire and Rescue Services (Northern Ireland) Order 2006 for premises outside England and Wales), and why. *Specify the provisions which have not been complied with. *Require that person to take steps to remedy the failure within a specified period of time. |
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Prohibition Notice |
SERVED IF The use of the premises involves, or will involve risk to persons so serious that the use of the premises should be prohibited or restricted. *State that the enforcing authority is of the opinion that use of the premises involves, or will involve, a risk to relevant persons so serious that use of the premises ought to be prohibited or restricted. *Specify the matters which, in their opinion give, or will give, rise to that risk. *Direct that the use to which the prohibition notice relates is prohibited or restricted, to the extent specified in the notice until the specified matters have been dealt with. |
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PLAN |
The fire safety policy statement begins the PLAN process, setting out the general intentions, commitment and approach of the organisation and may include targets and objectives set for dealing with fire safety issues. The organisational structure continues the PLAN process, and should show the allocation of roles and responsibilities for fire safety to individuals throughout the organisation, from senior management to the shop-floor. Specific requirements, such as:appointment of competent persons to help in carrying out the preventive and protective measures,appointment of fire marshals, and arrangements for consultation, need to be considered. |
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DO |
The detailed specification of fire safety standards, the preventive and protective measures required in all areas, and the necessary measures to ensure that they are carried out need to be planned and implemented – the DO process. It is through this process that control of fire risks is achieved. Central to this is the concept of risk assessment as the process by which the specific preventive and protective measures are identified. Responsibility for ensuring that these measures are effectively implemented lies with the responsible person. |
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CHECK |
Implementation of the fire safety policy needs to be monitored on a regular basis by collecting information about performance and checking against the standards identified, and any failings or incidents that occur. Typical monitoring information might include: *Records of inspections and safety tours. *Audit reports on health, safety and fire management systems. *Incident reports, including any investigations subsequently carried out. *Equipment maintenance, testing and defect records. |
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ACT |
this information should be used to assess and review the appropriateness of the current organisational arrangements, the standards being applied, and the way in which they are being operated. Any deficiencies identified by the review process should be corrected (the ACT part of the process) by appropriate changes to the policy, organisation and arrangements for implementation. |
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vulnerable people |
*Those with disabilities *.Young workers. *People with communication difficulties. |
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Guides relating to the following types of premises have been published by The Department for Communities and Local Government to help the responsible person prevent fires and reduce risk |
*Offices and shops. *Factories and warehouses. *Sleeping accommodationResidential care premises * Educational premises. *Small and medium places of assembly * Large places of assemblyTheaters, cinemas and similar premises. *Open air events and venues.Healthcare premises *Transport premises and facilitiesAnimal premises and stables |
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Purpose of Fire Investigation |
*Determine its cause, such as:Faulty equipment creating an ignition source.Inadequate procedures for hot work or use of flammable substances.Arson. *Develop and introduce remedial measures to prevent a recurrence. *Establish whether there has been a breach of statutory requirements and gather evidence if subsequent proceedings are instituted. *Assess damage and gather evidence for insurance claims. *Find out whether there has been a failure of individuals which could lead to disciplinary action. *Assess the effectiveness of existing fire safety policies and procedures. *Identify trends. *Allay concerns about damage to the environment and determine the effectiveness of procedures currently in place. |
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Recording and Reporting Fire-Related Incidents and Injuries |
*Fatalities. *Specified injuries – fire-related examples:Serious burns (covering more than 10% of the body, or damaging the eyes, respiratory system or other vital organs).Unconsciousness caused by asphyxia.Any other injury leading to heat-induced illness or unconsciousness or requiring resuscitation or admittance to hospital for more than 24 hours. *Over-seven-day injuries. *Dangerous occurrences – fire-related examples:Electrical short circuit or overload causing fire or explosion.An explosion or fire causing suspension of normal work for over 24 hours. *Releases of flammable liquids or gases (e.g. due to the sudden failure of a storage vessel) where the release, if ignited, would cause a major explosion or fire. |
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Fire Logbook |
*The responsible person. *Any employee(s) with specific responsibility for fire safety. *Basic fire safety advice. *Specific preventive and protective measures identified in the risk assessment. *Details of the premises (including location of assembly points, etc.). *Maintenance and inspection arrangements for all fire-related systems. *Maintenance work conducted (e.g. service visit or non-routine attention).Location and description of all fire equipment. |
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Responsible Person |
In a workplace, This is the employer, if the workplace is to any extent under his control, and any other person who may have control of any part of the premises eg: the occupier or owner. In all other premises, the person or people in control of the premises will be responsible. If there is more than one responsible person in any type of premises, all must take all reasonable steps to work with each other. |
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Relevant Persons |
Any person who is, or maybe, lawfully on the premises, and anyone in the immediate vicinity who is at risk from fire on the premises. |
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Example of fire safety checklist might be |
*Exit routes and gangways *Necessary signage in place and visable *Fire doors working correctly *Fire extinguishers fully charged and in the correct palces *Call points accessable *Assembly point clearly identified and unobstructed *Goods appropriately stored so as to not impede fire fighting *HWP used where required *Electrical equipment used safely *Fire safety training provided for staff *Evidence of regular testing and maintenance of fire safety provision, such as emergency escape lighting, detection and alarms |
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Powers of inspectors |
*Enter and inspect premises without the use of force *Make enquirers to establish compliance with RRFSO and identify the responsible person. *Require the production of copies of records or plans that should be kept under RRFSO *Require any person having responsibilty for the premises to provide facilities and assistance *Take samples of articles and substances to test flammability or fire resistance, and dismantle or subject to test, any article or substance which may have caused danger of fire. *Serve alteration, enforcement or prohibition notices. |
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Powers of entry |
* Taking with him any other persons, and equipment, that he considers necessary. *requiring any person present to provide him with any facilities, information, documents or records, or other assistance, that he may reasonable request. *Inspecting and copying any documents or records on the premises or removing them from the premises. *Taking samples of an article or substance found on the premises. *Dismantling an article found on the premises. *Taking possession of an article or substance found on the premises and detaining it for as long as is necessary to examine it. |
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Matters to consider before a investigation begins |
*Preserving the fire scene *Restricting access to unauthorized persons *Making the site safe *Skills and composition of the investigation team. *Equipment required *Identifying and interviewing witnesses *Studying CCTV footage *Communicating with the public and media *Liaising with the police, HSE, the environment agency and the local authority. |
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External agencies involved in an investigation maybe. |
*Fire and rescue authority, *Police, *Enforcing authority(HSE) *Environment agency *Forensic service *Insurance investigators *Utilities companies |
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Key elements into arson investigation include |
*Preserving the fire scene *Restricting access to unauthorized persons *Studying CCTV footage Locating and investigating the seat of the fire. *Taking photos and drawing diagrams of the scene *Identifying and interviewing witnesses including the original caller. *Liaising with external investigators such as police or insurance investigators *Obtaining information on any previous vandalism or police activity in the area and attempt to establish a motive for starting the fire. *Evaluating the evidence obtained, establishing the cause and preparing a report. |
