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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The earliest paintings known to mankind are ____ _________ located in ______, ______, and ____
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cave paintings; Africa, Europe, and Asia
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The first civilizations to create art forms were in _____, located in ___________
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Sumer; Mesopotamia
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The Sumerians invented _______, created __________ __ _____, and made _________ _______ ___________
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writing; sculptures of stone; beautiful musical instruments
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Western art was the first style of art depicting the _____ ____
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human form
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The second greatest civilization was _______ _____
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Ancient Egypt
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These early cultures of Mesopotamia and Egypt influenced later ones around _____________ ___, ______, and the ______ ______
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Mediterranean Sea, Europe, and the United States
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The art of these later cultures is what we called Western art because it developed in _______ ______
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Western Europe
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At the caves at Lascaux, the earliest paintings date from around ______ __
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15,000 BC
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The __________ _________ __ _______ at Lascaux are very unusual
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polychrome paintings of animals
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At the caves at Lascaux, colors were made from _______ _____ ____ (red, yellow, brown, violet) and ________ (____) from the _____ used in the caves
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lampblack (soot); lamps
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________, not ancient cave paintings may be the oldest forms of art
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Carvings
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Carvings of ______ _______ have been discovered in many places in Europe and Western Asia
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female figures
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Roman goddess of love. A generic name given to many female figures in art
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Venus:
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The Austrian village near the place of discovery in 1908
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Willendorf
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Venus of Willendorf is _ __ inches tall and _____ years old
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4 3/8; 25,000
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The Venus of Willendorf figure suggests ________ _________ and a _________ ______ __ ____
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abundant fertility and a plentiful supply of food
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People lived in simple structures of _____, ___-_____, and even _____. Protection of enmities was often provided by _____ around the settlement
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grass, mud-bricks, and even stone; walls
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A town of mud-brick in southern Israel, that dates back from 8000 BC (world's oldest city)
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Jericho
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Stonehenge was constructed about ____-____ __
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3000-2000 BC
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round grouping
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cromlech
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Stonehenge was a round grouping or cromlech of gigantic stones, some weighing _____ ____ and were dragged for more than 20 miles to be trimmed and stood on end
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fifty tons
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horizontal elements
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lintels
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The lintels, or horizontal elements, were curved slightly to fit the ________ ____
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circular plan
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Apparently a ritual site, Stonehenge was constructed to indicate the _________ and ________ of the calendar year, and probably the times for ________, _______, and _________ __________
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solstices and equinoxes; planting, harvest, and religious ceremonies
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It is unknown who built Stonehenge, but the ______ people probably added to it around 2000 BC
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beaker
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___________ has flat and fertile land which lay between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
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Mesopotamia
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_________ dominated Mesopotamia for over 1000 years
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Sumerians
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The Sumerians constructed huge mountains of earth faced with mudbrick and sometimes fried brick. These structures were known as _________
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ziggurats
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Characteristics of ziggurats:
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rubble filled inside- solid stepped, 2-7 tiers, used for religious rites, center of the city
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main room
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cella
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________ complexes were designed to make the worshiper go around as many corners as possible before reaching the cella, or main room
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Ziggurat
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Mesopotamia sculpture has the following characteristics:
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- Mostly represent gods
- Made of clay, wood, some stones, shells, metals - Large eyes- believed they were the windows to the soul - Based on the cylinder and cone - Expressionless - No articulation - Frontal |
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Mesopotamia had good ____ ____
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gold work
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___ ______ _________ developed in Mesopotamia culture
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Bas relief sculpture
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Egyptian art and architecture reflect a strong belief on the _________ as well as the illustration of mighty power of the ______
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afterlife; rulers
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From the earliest times, Egyptian ____________ were honored and their products admired
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craftspeople
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__________ ________ allows Egyptian art and culture to remain constant for several thousand years
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Geographic isolation
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Strongly held belief in afterlife helps _________ ______ __ ___ ___ _____
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stimulate growth of all art forms
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_______ evolves as elaborate tomb for Pharaohs
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Pyramid
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The first pyramids were constructed as successors to the low rectangular tombs, called _______, built for the Pre-Dynastic kings
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mastabas
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_______ , who is the first artist in history whose name is known, built a solid stone structure of six huge steps rising over twenty stories in the desert air
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Imhotep
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solid stone structure of six huge steps rising over twenty stories in the desert air
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step pyramid
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Pyramid building reached a climax in the ______ _______ when the three Great Pyramids at Giza were constructed
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Fourth Dynasty
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Some stones weighed over __ ____. Required tremendous organization and planning
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40 tons
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Pyramids cover __ acres
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13
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Many pyramids surround the _____ _____ ________
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three Great Pyramids
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The Great Pyramids were all guarded by the _____ _____, a figure 240 feet in length, carved from rocky ledge. Had a body of a ____ and head of _______, it sat with great majesty for centuries, but was later damaged by vandalism and the sandblasting winds of the Sahara.
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Great Sphinx; lion; Chefren
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The ______ ________ are located right at the heart of the pyramids
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burial chambers
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The walls were covered with _______ ______ __________ showing various activities of the persons buried there
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painted relief sculptures
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Three types of statues unearthed in and near the Great Pyramids:
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standing, seated, and sitting on the floor
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Statutes are often _______, figures are facing and looking straight ahead and are stylized
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frontal
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The princes of ______ finally grew powerful enough to establish a comparatively peaceful rule that lasted for two dynasties
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Thebes
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Architecture shifted from pyramids to the constructing of ________ _______
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funerary temples
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The temples were designed to hold _______ of the rulers and were constructed so that part was cut into the cliff and part was built outside
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mummies
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Art continued to flourish in the Middle Kingdom, with ____________ still holding an honored position in society
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craftspeople
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Craftspeople carved wood into _______, _____, _______, and _____ _____
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figures, boats, weapons, and other items
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The carvings were painted to create an ________ __ _______
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illusion of reality
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After the Middle Kingdom (___ ______ ____________ ______), Egypt was invaded and ruled by outsiders for ___ ______
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The Second Intermediate Period; 150 years
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The outsiders introduced things such as the _____, ________, ______, and _______ __ ___
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horse, chariots, wheels, and weapons of war
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About 1567 BC, the princes of Thebes overthrew these invaders and established the ___ _______
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New Kingdom
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The New Kingdom (began the 18th dynasty) was a ______ ___ in Egypt's history
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golden age
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Not only did the kingdom flourish, but artists and architects grew in _____ and ________ __________
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skill and creative expression
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One of the outstanding architectural works to survive is the ________ ______ __ _____ __________
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funerary temple of Queen Hatshepsut
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During the 18th Dynasty, temples were created specifically for the _______ __ ____ and the ____ __ ______
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worship of gods and the homes of priests
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Among the greatest was the ______ __ ____ __ ______
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Temple of Amun at Karnak
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The Temple of Amun at Karnak is a huge complex of buildings including ______, or entrance ways, courtyards, a hypostyle hall and minor halls, chambers, and passages
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pylons
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The _________ ____ was the most dramatic structure, consisting of 125 columns that created forest-like feeling
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hypostyle hall
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Many huge _______ and _________ were rebuilt during the New Kingdom, but other arts also flourished
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temples and complexes
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The __________ _______ is a painted papyrus that reveals some important characteristics of Egyptian art in all ages
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Greenfield Papyrus
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The Greenfield Papyrus drawing is _________ and ___________ ____
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sensitive and beautifully done
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layers
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registers
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The figures are placed in registers (layers) and many of the gods are in the form of _______
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animals
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___________ ___________ is also used in the Greenfield Papyrus drawing. This means that the more important figures are shown larger than the less important ones
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Descriptive perspective
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The careful design of placement and design of figures to fill almost all available space is also ______________ of Egyptian painting and wall sculpture
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characteristics
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___________ characterizes most of Egypt's art. However, during the 18th dynasty, (reign of Akhenaton) _______ became dominant
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Stylization; realism
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Akhenaton's successor was ___________
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Tutankhamen
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King Tut ruled for nine years and is one of Egypt's most famous kings because of:
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the wealth of art objects found in his tomb
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With the end of the 18the dynasty, art again returned to ___________ ___________
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traditional stylization
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______ __ ruled for 67 years an had a multitude of statues of himself
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Ramses II
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His temple at ___ ______ is the most famous. Four figures of Ramses are carved directly out of the standing cliff. The temple itself recedes into the stone wall. Descriptive perspective is used
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Abi Simbel
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