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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Robert Johnson
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guitar, Delta blues, expresses bad experiences, upbeat, free form
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ODJB
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white copying New Orleans in Chicago, blend sounds, brass, group improv, straight, banjo, march like, first recording
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Jelly Roll Morton
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first jazz composoer, swing and ragtime,
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Earl Hines
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trumpet style piano, punchy, more flexible to swing era
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Fats Waller
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entertainer, light, easy, sings to
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Louis Armstrong
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trumpet, dramatic, scat singing, hot, jazz swing style
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Bix Beiderbecke
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trumpet, straight, unique notes, harmony, cool,, lighter
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Roy Eldridge
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trumpet, progressive improviser, linked swing to bebop, sax-like agility
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Coleman Hawkins
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tenor sax, dark, husky, harmonic
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Count Baise
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boogie woogie, sparse piano, light, relaxed, 4 beat equality, riffs, comping
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Lester Young
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sax, light tone, melodic, restrained swing
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Benny Goodman
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carneige hall, swing craze
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Duke Ellington
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programmatic, cross-sectional voicing, exotic sounds, "wrong note", extended works, concerts, sacred
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Billie Holiday
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expression of lyrics, blues, horn-like phrasing
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Ella FItzgerald
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flexible, agile, scat, accurate pitch
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Art Tatum
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piano, lots of notes, stride, horn like RH, unexpected rhythm
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Charlie Parker
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bebop, ornamentation, piano, alto sax, quotes, lots of notes, fast sones, biting tone, melodic
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Dizzy Gillespie
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trumpet, high register, agile solos, harmonic, bebop
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Thelonius Monk
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composer, unorthodox melodies, dissonant chords, unexpected, deliberate, percussive, piano, sparse, 1st modern piano style,charlie parker like tunes in RH
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modern vs. classic jazz
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modern has more driving tempo, lots of notes, move improv, more swing
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bebop
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harmonies, driving tempo, broader range, smaller groups, virtuosic solo, less arranging, unexpected lines
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dixieland
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chicago combo style, pre-swing combo jazz, breaks, similar to ragtime
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chicago school
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whites copy New Orleans style, group improv, more straight
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early jazz
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less improve, more straight, simple
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kansas city style
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less elaborate, boogie-woogie, light, riffs
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swing vs. bebop
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swing: melodic solo, smooth swing, arranged, soli
bebop: small groups, virtuosic solos, little clarinet, less arranging, use of unexpected, more musical ideas, solo not about melody, driving tempo, harmonies, more notes |
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Lennie Tristano
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piano teacher, longer/smooth lines than bebop, harmonic, cool jazz, counter point
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Lee Konitz
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alto sax, cool jazz, laid-back, introspective
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Dave Brubeck
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piano, odd meter, cool jazz
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Stan Kenton
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piano, progressive concert jazz, Latin, dynamics
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Miles Davis
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trumpet
1. hard bop: harmon mute, pitch bending, tone, space 2. free bop: toyed w/ tempo, obscure melody |
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Horace Silver
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piano, hard bop, rhythmic, percussive, space, short melodic ideas, catchy, more complex arrangments
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Art Blakey
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drummer, african influence, roll off
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Clifford Brown
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trumpet, heir to Dizzy, bebop
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Freddie Hubbard
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trumpet, spontaneoius, free, jazz rock fusion and hard bop bridge
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Dexter Gordon
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saxophone, bebop, agressive, logical solos
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Cannonball Adderly
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alto sax, happy, soulful, hard bop
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Sonny Rollins
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tenor sax, hard bop
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John Coltrane
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tenor and sop sax, sheets of sound, odd chord changes, modal/hard bop/free jazz
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ornette coleman
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sax, free jazz, no chord changes, grooves and staedy tempos, key centers, more traditional solo roles, written tunes
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Cecil Taylor
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pianist, free jazz, no swing, unit structures, textural
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Bill Evans
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influence in Kind of Blue, Miles Davis, modal, Debussy, obscures rhythm, floating beat
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Weather Report
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jazz rock fusion band with wayne shorter
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wayne shorter
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weather report, miles davis 2nd quintet, free bop, sax
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Herbie Hancock
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piano, miles davis 2nd quin., free bop, creative, funky
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Chick Corea
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piano, electric keyboards, jazz rock fusion, light and percussive
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Chris Botti
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smooth jazz, elavator music
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David Sanborn
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saxophone, soul sax, bluesy, soulful, raw
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Michael Brecker
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soul sax, jazz oriented
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Branford Marsalis
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sax, hiphop, sax playing blusey riffs
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John Zorn
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sax, clesmir, yiddish based, still swinging
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Tito Puente
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Timbales, cross rhythms, latin jazz
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Irakere
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Cuba latin jazz band
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What is jazz? What are the principle elements of the style?
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improvisation, swing feeilng, harmony ("unsimple", dissonant)
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Origins of jazz style
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combo of early brass bands and ragtime, use of improv, ragtime provided syncopation, blue popularized pitch bending, african rhythms, many cultures of New Orleans
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early jazz vs. swing
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swing has more swing feel, more improv and short solos, walking bass, drums, section solos, more complex
swing has less straight rhythms, riffs, call and response, collective improv. |
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bebop vs. cool jazz
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bebop is virtuosic, driving tempo, more harmones than melodies, more ideas
cool jazz is trying to write new piece while improvising, take liberties, go outside chord changes, more laid back and understated, use of space, less aggressive and complex |
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What genres of jazz did Miles Davis contribute to? Albums, artists, attributes
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Hard bop: "Cookin", "Steamin", "Workin", "Relaxin", etc. 1st quintet had John Coltrane (dark, aggressive,sheets of sound, odd chord changes), toyed w/ pitch, simplicity, toyed w/ tempo, paraphrases
free bop: 2nd quintet - wayne shorter (sax) and herbie hancock (piano, creative, funky), set chord progression, harmony outside chord changes, rhythmic patterns Modal: added Cannonball Adderly (sax, happy, soulful), "Milestones", "Kind of Blue", long period of time w/ no chord changes, just a scale/collection of notes Jazz-rock fusion: Chick Corea (electric keyboards, light and percussive), "Bitches Brew" |
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What is “free” about free jazz? How do free jazz artists organize or give form to the music?
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Free jazz is improvising w/ no set chord changes. Used collective improv, high energy, no bebop phrasing or swing feel, no piano, drummer provides texture not rhythm, manipulation of pitch. Use unit structures to keep track
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Describe the contributions that John Coltrane made to hard bop, modal jazz, and free jazz.
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Hard bop: big, dark, biting, aggressive, every note in chord, sheets of sound, odd chord changes
Modal jazz: cool, light, space to add interest, piano is rhythmic and repetition, plays a lot of notes, plays notes outside of mode for tension Free jazz: can't hear the key but not random, plays a lot of notes, space to add interest |
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Which attributes of jazz and funk merged to become Jazz-Rock fusion?
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jazz: simple melodic lines, repeated bass, steady danceable tempo, pitch bending
funk: more complex rhythms jazz-rock fusion: no swing, straight, riff-based, repetitive, less improv, electric instruments, more modal |
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Discuss the following question: “Is ______________ (acid jazz, smooth jazz, or free jazz) really jazz? What attributes qualify or disqualify the style from the jazz genre?
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Acid jazz: fusion of pop and jazz elements by DJs and bands, looped beats, contains both electric composition and instrumental jazz interpretation, chord structures associated with jazz, percussion-heavy, live music, contains groove of hiphop and funk
Smooth jazz: jazz fusion influenced by R&B, funk, pop. slow tempo with a melody playing instrument over background of programmed rhythms. considered background music. much stronger emphasis on melody than in jazz. criticized as pop-fusion music that is too laid back free jazz: no swing or groove, often no melody, wild improv, collective improv, no set chord changes, no rhythm, no piano. NO swing, textures not melodies, unit structures |
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hard bop vs. modal jazz vs. free bop vs. free jazz
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hard bop: swing based, bebop like, driving, aggressive, funky, latin rhythms. less angular than bebop, soul, bluesy, simple melodies. not reliant on pop tunes, simpler harmonies. improv has no quoting
modal jazz: swing, bebop-like rhythm, melody fits in mode and is simple, harmony has no chord changes and is in mode/scale, improv is based on modes free bop: swing, more texture, less repeating patterns, melody based on chord progression and is hidden, harmony is hidden and exploratory, improv is exploratory and follows ideas Free jazz: no swing or groove, only texture, melody is assigned but often non-existent, no harmony, improv is wild, collective, squeaky |