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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Gender |
Sociological and Cultural events that distinguish men and women |
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Sex |
Biological characteristics that distinguish men and women. |
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Sociological approach to gender |
Children are awarded for their behavior adults think is appropriate for their gender.punished for behavior that is not appropriate. |
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Socialization |
the processes by which we learn the ways of a given society or social group to participate in it. |
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Parental Influences |
Both children and parents influence each other. Learn appropriate gender behavior from parents. Imitation: for girls Manipulation: for boys. |
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Eleanor Maccoby: peer influences |
Children's same sex peer groups reinforce gendered behaviors. -boys and girls have different interaction styles and the influence their same sex peer groups. -Carried on into adulthood. |
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Gender Socialization: Schools, Media |
Tells us how we should act, dress, ext. and help us guide our gender preferences. Women portrayed as damsel in distres. Men always the hero. |
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British toy study |
two age groups: 12-15 months 19-24 months. stereotypical toy preferences -independent of parents preferences. -natural choice of children to choose that toy. |
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Agressive Femininity |
Slightly more aggressive females with a girly side, -Girls that like playing sports but aren't fully a tom boy. -Teaches girls how to stand up for themselves later in life and be a lawyer and other higher up jobs rather than being a secretary. |
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Traditional Femininity |
How girls should act according to society: (girly girls womanliness and womanhood) influenced by sociological characteristics. |
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Social Class |
Ordering of all persons in society according to their degree of economic resources degree and prestige. |
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Stratification |
This is based on a four-tiered stratification system based on social class commonly used by sociologists when discussing inequality. |
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Upper-Class Families |
Lots of wealth and power -elite educations -opulent lifestyle -husbands owners of big businesses -lower percentage of housewives in paid wage forces |
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Middle-Class |
-Stable ample income -white collar/ professional jobs -financially secure -college educated -jobs with benefits (health insurance, retirement packages, vacations, etc.) -Often both husband and wife in work force. |
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Working-Class |
-Modest lifestyle -financially insecure -income for basic family needs -vulnerable to layoffs -work in low level service sector -lack work-related benefits |
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Lower-Class |
-Difficult providing basic family needs -lowest paying positions. -great periods of unemployment -governmental assistance -lack education/skills -housing nutritional insecurity. |
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Melvin Kohn Child rearing values |
We are raised with regard to where we end up in the social class system. We are socialized into our class system. |
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Working Class Vs. Middle Class |
Working: obedience, conformity, cleanliness and neatness. Middle: independence curiosity and self-control |
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Annete Lareau "unequal childhoods" middle class |
"Concerted Cultivation": middle class: children are led into adult led activities such as piano lessons, theatre dance and track.etc. Parents focus on developing child's abilities. |
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Annette Lareau "unequal childhoods" working clas |
"Accomplishment of natural growth"- parents provide safe loving environment, let kids be kids without forcing them to do activities or achieve their best. -kids distrust authority figures -develop own activities. |
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Absolute Poverty |
The condition characterized by the severe deprivation of basic human needs. Can possibly endanger life.
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Relative Poverty |
Lacking the minimum amount of income needed to maintain the average standard of living in the society in which they live. |
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Polarization |
a growth of job opportunities at the top and bottom of the job market but a lessening of opportunities in the middle. |
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Feminization of Poverty |
Phenomenon in which represent disproportionate percentages of the world's poor.gender biases. Lone mothers are the main cause unable to support children |
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Cultural lage |
notion that culture takes time to catch up with technological advances. |
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Two-spirit people |
people who identify with both male and female gender roles. More common in native american cultures. Were either awed or reverend. |
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How they become Two-spirited |
children became what their parents thought was two-spirited characteristics. They would develop spiritual visions in adolescence. |
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Intersexual |
a person who is born with ambiguous sexual organs |
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Life Chances |
Theory created by German sociologist Max Weber. Theory in which each individual has to improve his/her quality of life. - Life chances are positively correlated to ones socioeconomic status. |
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Formal Sector |
encompasses all jobs with normal hours and regular wages and are recognized as income sources and therefore taxes must be paid. |
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Informal Sector |
Encompasses all jobs that are not recognized as normal income sources, which taxes are not paid. Sometimes referred only to illegal activities. |
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Mass Media on Gender |
Often tell us how we should behave and influence our beliefs and behavior regarding gender roles. |
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What helps determine our social class position? |
Ascribed status: "social position acquired at birth or taken on involuntarily later in life". |
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Ascribed Status is.. |
beyond one's control, it includes race, ethnicity, native language, parents, socioeconomic status. |
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Socioeconomic Status |
economic measure of person's work experience of a families economic and social position in relation to others. |
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Achieved Status |
Social position acquired through our efforts or accomplishments or taken voluntarily. |
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Structural Conditions |
societal-level which are beyond the control of any one individual. |
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State of the economy |
is a structural condition |
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The Economic Divide |
the state in which some families obtain more income and wealth than others do. -family inequality has grown since the 1960s two parent families making advances while other families struggle. |
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Education |
One's education level is very important to predicting one's income and family situation.
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