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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
During this time period much of the classical culture of Greece & Rome was lost in Western Europe
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Middle Ages
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Rebirth of classical ideas of Greece & Rome.
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Renaissance
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Time of great artistic and intellectual creativity.
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Renaissance
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Marked the transition from Medieval to Modern Times.
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Renaissance
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Birthplace of the Renaissance.
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Italian City-States (Florence was first)
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The Renaissance began in Northern Italy about ________. (date)
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A.D. 1300
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The Renaissance peaked around __________.
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A.D. 1500
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Thought system of the Renaissance.
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Humanism
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Emphasized human worth and the importance of the individual. (ideology)
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Humanism
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Focused more on life in this world than on the afterlife.
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Humanists
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Powerful banking family that ruled Florence.
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Medici
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The support of the Medici family helped Florence produce many _________.
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artists and scholars
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"Father of Humanism"
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Petrarch
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Assembled a library of ancient Greek & Roman Manuscripts.
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Petrarch
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Author of The Prince.
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Machiavelli
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The ends justifies the means in political actions. (book)
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The Prince
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Was a guide to rulers on how to gain and keep political power often by ruthless means.
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The Prince
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Renaissance art differed from Medieval art in that it portrayed non-religious subjects and was _________.
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more realistic
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A man talented in many areas.
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"Renaissance Man"
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The best example of the "Renaissance Man."
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Leonardo da Vinci
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In addition to his paintings like "The Last Supper" he drew sketches of flying machines.
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Leonardo da Vinci
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Commissioned by the Pope to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
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Michelangelo
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A "melancholy genius" who was a sculptor, engineer, painter, architect, and poet.
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Michelangelo
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While the Renaissance was flowering in Italy Northern Europe was recovering from the____.
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Black Death
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Killed nearly half the people of Western Europe in the 14th century.
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Black Death
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The Renaissance in Northern Europe was more ____.
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Religious in nature
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The Northern Renaissance began in _________.
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Flanders
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Renaissance writers who wanted to reform the Church.
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Christian Humanists
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Criticized society by comparing it to an ideal society. (book)
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Utopia
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Author of Utopia.
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Thomas Moore
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He was executed because he would not accept Henry VIII as the head of the Church of England.
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Thomas Moore
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Erasmus and Thomas Moore were _______.
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Christian Humanists
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Renaissance writers often wrote in the ______.
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Vernacular
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Language of the common people.
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Vernacular
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Priest who wanted the common man to be able to read the scripture and fought corruption in the Church.
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Erasmus
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"Leonardo of the North" his engravings often portrayed religious upheaval.
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Albrecht Durer
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His plays often explored the complexity of the individual.
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Shakespeare
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Helped spread the ideas of both the Renaissance and the Reformation. (Invention)
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Printing Press
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Inventor of the Printing Press.
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Johann Gutenberg
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Founder of the Protestant Reformation.
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Martin Luther
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Broke with the Catholic church over salvation by faith.
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Martin Luther
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Christians became divided as Catholics and Protestants.
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Reformation
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Freed the owner of time in Purgatory/were granted by the Church.
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indulgences
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Place of suffering where people are purified of sins before going to heaven.
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Purgatory
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Authorized the sale of indulgences.
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Pope Leo X
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To finance Renaissance projects in Rome Pope Leo X authorized the sale of ___________.
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indulgences
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Issue that actually brought Luther in conflict with the Roman Catholic church.
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sale of indulgences
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Luther's criticism of the sale of indulgences. (Document).
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95 Theses
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Ninety-five Theses nailed to Church in____. (date).
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A.D. 1517
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One is saved solely by trusting Christ.
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Justification by Faith
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Luther's basic belief.
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Justification by Faith
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Luther believed it was the only authority for Christian life.
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Bible
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Council condemns Luther as heretic and outlaw.
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Diet of Worms
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Excommunicated Luther (person)
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Pope Leo X
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Holy Roman Emperor/called Diet of Worms/ fought against Protestantism.
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Charles V
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Encouraged by Luther's idea of Christian freedom Peasants demanded an end to serfdom and ______________.
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revolted
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With Luther's support the Nobles brutally suppressed the ______________.
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Peasant revolt
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Those who broke away from the Catholic Church.
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Protestants
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Name originally referred to the princes who refused to join the pope against Luther, eventually comes to refer to all who broke with the Catholic Church.
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Protestant
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In Geneva Switzerland Calvin established a _______.
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Theocracy
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Calvin's teaching that God determines what will happen before it does, especially who will be saved. (actually before the foundations of the universe).
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Predestination
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Calvin was most influenced by Luther's idea that humans __________________.
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cannot earn a place in heaven
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One reason for the Reformation was that European merchants _____________.
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resented paying taxes to the Church in Rome
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Luther & others break from the Catholic Church.
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Protestant Reformation
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Catholic Reformation
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Counter Reformation
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Lutheran, Reformed, Anabaptist, and Anglicanism
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four branches of Reformation
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Shaped the reformed branch of the reformation. (person)
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John Calvin
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English King broke with the pope.
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Henry VIII
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Henry VIII broke with the pope because he would not __________.
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end his marriage
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Made Henry VIII the official head of the Church of England. (1534)
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Act of Supremacy
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Daughter of Henry VIII tried to reinstate Catholicism.
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Mary I (Mary Tudor or Bloody Mary)
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Made England Protestant with some Catholic practices. (ruler)
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Elizabeth I
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Name of the Protestant Church of England
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Anglicanism
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Wanted to purify the Anglican Church of Catholic practices. (group)
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Puritans
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Puritan beliefs were ________.
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Calvinistic
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Attempts to reform the Catholic Church and win back converts.
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Counter Reformation
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Defined Catholic doctrine (1545) (meeting)
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Council of Trent
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Agreed that the Church's interpretation of the Bible was final. (meeting)
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Council of Trent
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Established direction of Catholic reforms.
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Council of Trent
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Founder of the Jesuit Order.
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Ignatius Loyola
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A society of Jesus.
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Jesuits
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Attempted to win people back to Catholicism by education (group)
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Jesuits
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The Council of Trent and the formation of the Jesuits were parts of the __________.
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Counter Reformation
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Gave each prince the right to choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism for his realm. (1555) (Holy Roman Empire) (German states)
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Peace of Augsburg
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Radical wing of the Reformation, Sought a return to early Christianity.
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Anabaptists
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Believed people should be baptized only after conversion or regeneration (group).
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Anabaptists
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First to want complete separation of Church and State (group).
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Anabaptist
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Menno Simons demanded _________.
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Pacifism
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The belief that violence or warfare are never justified & should never be used even to serve a good cause.
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Pacifism
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After Menno Simons death Anabaptists in the Netherlands were called ______.
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Mennonites
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In some Italian cities Jews were forced to live in a separate part of the city called a ________.
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ghetto
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