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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Who were the humanists?
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People who specialize in studying the humanities, which includes grammar, history, poetry and rhetoric.p163
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In relation to art, what is perspective?
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Art technique that involves making distant objects smaller than those in the foreground and arranging them to create the illusion of depth on a flat canvas. p164
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What is the Renaissance?
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Movement following the Middle Ages that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece & Rome; French word meaning rebirth. Began in 1300s and lasted until about 1700. p162
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What is the Renaissance?
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Movement following the Middle Ages that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece & Rome; French word meaning rebirth. Began in 1300s and lasted until about 1700. p162
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What were the events that led to the Renaissance in Italy?
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Crusades & trade led to contact with the Byzantine civilization, renewed acquaintance with classical Greek and Roman literature, and knowledge of Arab & African achievements in science and medicine.
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How did religion influence Renaissance art and thought?
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Renaissance art combined religious themes with the humanistic values of the era, showed religious figures as realistic human beings; Renaissance thought included leading a meaningful life, & belief in human dignity
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How did religion influence Renaissance art and thought?
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showed religious figures as realistic human beings; Renaissance thought included leading a meaningful life, & belief in human dignity
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What ethical issues did humanists struggle with during the Italian Renaissance?
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trying to strike a balance between spiritual and earthly quests
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What are some characteristics of Renaissance thought?
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Renaissance thought included a critical approach, study of the classics, and admiration of human achievement.
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What are some characteristics of Renaissance literature?
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Renaissance literature used classical writers as models, and showed concern for morality.
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What were some characteristics of Renaissance art?
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Renaissance art combined religious themes with humanistic values, realistic human figures and scenes, use of perspective.
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What were some characteristics of Renaissance art?
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Renaissance art combined religious themes with humanistic values, realistic human figures and scenes, use of perspective.
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What was the Counter Reformation?
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Attempt by the Catholic Church, following the Reformation, to return the church to an emphasis on spiritual matters. p178
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What was the Counter Reformation?
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Attempt by the Catholic Church, following the Reformation, to return the church to an emphasis on spiritual matters. p178
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What was the Council of Trent?
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Meeting of Church leaders in the 1500s to clearly define Catholic doctrines for the Counter-Reformation. The Council of Trent acted to end the sale of indulgences and to tighten discipline within the clergy. p177
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What was the Council of Trent?
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Meeting of Church leaders in the 1500s to clearly define Catholic doctrines for the Counter-Reformation. The Council of Trent acted to end the sale of indulgences and to tighten discipline within the clergy. p177
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Who were the Jesuits?
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The Jesuits (or Society of Jesus) was a Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius de Loyola in 1534. Loyola organized the Jesuits like a military boot camp with discipline & strict obedience. They stressed education & founded many colleges. p177-178
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Who were the Jesuits?
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The Jesuits (or Society of Jesus) was a Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius de Loyola in 1534. Loyola organized the Jesuits like a military boot camp with discipline & strict obedience. They stressed education & founded many colleges. p177-178
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Who was Ignatius de Loyola?
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Loyola founded a Catholic religious order called the Jesuits (or Society of Jesus) in 1534. Loyola organized the Jesuits like a military boot camp with discipline & strict obedience. They stressed education & founded many colleges. p177-178
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Who was Ignatius de Loyola?
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Loyola founded a Catholic religious order called the Jesuits (or Society of Jesus) in 1534. Loyola organized the Jesuits like a military boot camp with discipline & strict obedience. They stressed education & founded many colleges. p177-178
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What are some ways the Catholic Church made reforms in response to the Protestant Reformation?
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Responses to Protestant Reformation were called the Counter-Reformation & included: ending sale of indulgences, tightened discipline within clergy, brought Inquisition to Rome, established Index of Forbidden books, reaffirmed doctrine, formed new religious orders, & spread Catholicism.
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What are some ways the Catholic Church made reforms in response to the Protestant Reformation?
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Responses to Protestant Reformation were called the Counter-Reformation & included: ending sale of indulgences, tightened discipline within clergy, brought Inquisition to Rome, established Index of Forbidden books, reaffirmed doctrine, formed new religious orders, & spread Catholicism.
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Why did the Catholic leaders feel the need to launch the Counter-Reformation?
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They finally realized that Protestantism posed a threat to the Catholic Church.
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What were some positive and negative results of the Counter-Reformation?
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As a positive result, the Counter-Reformation solidified & improved the Catholic Church. As a negative result, it helped cause religious wars.
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What are broadsides?
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Single printed news sheets sold to the public in the 1500s. A broadside might include a royal decree or news of some sensational crime or other event. p183
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What are almanacs?
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Almanac were most common books in the Renaissance. They were books that predicted the weather & the prospects for growing crops, & contained calendars, maps, & medical advice. p183
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What is a standard of living?
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It is a measure of the quality of life. It is affected by many factors, including environment, health, home life, income, & working conditions. Life for most Europeans improved in the 1500s. p184
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What was daily life like in the 1500s?
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Long hard days of work; holiday ceremonies; close-knit communities; odd behavior treated harshly; widespread belief in superstition & witchcraft.
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What was daily life like in the 1500s?
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Long hard days of work; holiday ceremonies; close-knit communities; odd behavior treated harshly; widespread belief in superstition & witchcraft.
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What evidence would you give that the printing press had significant influence during the Renaissance?
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Broadsides, almanacs & other books, and the founding of new schools.
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Why did urban life lead to the growing "disenchantment" of the world?
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Townspeople and city folk became more sophisticated; people sought rational explanations for everyday events.
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Did life improve for most Europeans during the 1500s?
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Factors that suggesting a better life: increase in education, movement from country to city, & better diet. However, lives of many peasants changed little.
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What were the main values that generally characterized the the Italian humanists?
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a critical approach; studied classics (Greek / Roman culture), & admired human achievements
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What new painting styles & techniques developed during the Italian Renaissance?
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use of perspective and more realistic portrayals.
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How did northern Europeans learn about the Italian Renaissance?
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from travelers to and from Italy; and from books, and broadsides made possible by the printing press
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How did northern Renaissance writers differ from the writers of the Italian Renaissance?
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They were interested in early Christian life as well as classical cultures (Greeks / Romans)
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What role did the sale of indulgences by the church play in the Reformation?
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it created opposition in northern Europe being one of the reasons for criticism of the Catholic Church
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In what ways did Protestantism spread?
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through the Peace of Augsburg, rise of sects, creation of the Anglican church and Calvinism
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What actions did the Catholic Church take during the Counter-Reformation?
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clarified doctrines, brought Inquisition to Rome, strengthened discipline of clergy, stopped the abuses of the sales of indulgences, and established the order of Jesuits
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How did the Reformation and Counter-Reformation affect education?
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education and reading became more important, more universities were founded
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How did the Reformation and Counter-Reformation affect education?
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education and reading became more important, more universities were founded
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What actions did the Catholic Church take during the Counter-Reformation?
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clarified doctrines, brought Inquisition to Rome, strengthened discipline of clergy, stopped the abuses of the sales of indulgences, and established the order of Jesuits
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Why did Europeans believe in superstitions?
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People looked for explanations for everyday occurrences.
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Why did Europeans believe in superstitions?
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People looked for explanations for everyday occurrences.
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What effect did the ideas of Luther and other religious reformers have on the relations between different groups in Europe?
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They led conflicts (arguments, disagreement, etc)
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What effect did the printing press have on the ways that European understood their world?
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It increased the spread of new ideas.
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What effect did the printing press have on the ways that European understood their world?
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It increased the spread of new ideas.
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How did the classical literature of Greece influence the development of humanism?
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They provided one of the main features of Renaissance humanist thought.
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What factor was mainly responsible for the decline of traditional culture?
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The world beyond the village became known through the availability of printed works like broadsides & almanacs, because of the development of the printing press.
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What factor was mainly responsible for the decline of traditional culture?
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The world beyond the village became known through the availability of printed works like broadsides & almanacs, because of the development of the printing press.
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