Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The properties of a cell which are determined by its DNA composition are its
|
Genotype
|
|
|
The source of variation among microorganisms that were once identical is
|
mutation
|
|
|
The characteristics displayed by an organism in any given environment is its
|
Phenotype
|
|
|
Direct selection involves inoculating cells onto growth media on which
|
the mutant but not the parental will grow
|
|
|
A clever technique that streamlines the identification of auxotrophic mutants is
|
Replica Plating
|
|
|
Mutants that will grow at one temperature but not at another are called
|
Temperature sensitive mutants
Conditional Lethal Mutants Both A & B |
|
|
The F plasmid carries the information for
|
The sex pillus
|
|
|
In conjugation the donor cell is recognized by the presence of
|
An F plasmid
|
|
|
Gene transfer that requires cell-to-cell contact is
|
Conjugation
|
|
|
Which technique is/are used to identify and classify bacteria?
|
Microscopic Examination
Culture Characteristics Biochemical Tests Nucleic Acid Analysis All of the Above |
|
|
From most general to most specific, which is the correct order
|
Kingdom, phylm, class, order, family, genus, species
|
|
|
The three domain classification scheme uses
|
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
|
|
|
Gram-positive encapsulated diplococci found in sputum is indicative of
|
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
|
|
|
Intracellular Gram-negative diplocci found in a urethral sample from a male is indicative of
|
Neisseria gonorrhea
|
|
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the few species of bacteria that
|
are acid fast
|
|
|
Streptococcus pyogenes would be
|
beta hemolytic and catalase negative
|
|
|
Organisms that grow very slowly, are nonculturable, are present in very small number or are mixed with a number of other bacteria may still be identified using
|
PCR
|
|
|
A soluble greenish pigment is produced by
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
|
|
Lactic acid bacteria such as Streptococci
|
are obligate fermenters
|
|
|
Streptococcus pyogenes
|
is beta hemolytic
|
|
|
Proprionibacterium
|
Produces propionic acid
Is responsible for the holes in Swiss cheese Both A and C |
|
|
The gram positive rod which is also acid-fast and is a human pathogen is
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
|
|
|
Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae
|
Include E. coli, Enterobacter, Salmonella, and Shigella.
Include many medically relevant bacteria. Primarily reside in the intestinal tract of humans and animals. Are facultative anaerobes. All of the above. |
|
|
Bacteria that may form endospores include
|
Clostridium and Bacillus
|
|
|
Organisms that typically produce colonies with a fried egg appearance are the
|
Mycoplasma
|
|
|
Treponema and Borrelia
|
Are Spirochaetes
|
|
|
Reticulate and elementary bodies are two forms of
|
Chlamydia
|
|
|
True or False
Lactic acid bacteria such as Streptococus are obligate fermenters that can exist in an aerobic environment due to their use of catalase to mitigate the presence of oxygen. |
False
|
|
|
True or False. Chlamydia occurs in two forms, a reticulate body and an elementary body
|
True
|
|
|
Algae are important environmentally as
|
major producers of oxygen
|
|
|
Macroscopic algae possess a special structure that acts as an anchor and is commonly called
|
a holdfast
|
|
|
The site in a photosynthetic eukaryotic cell where photosynthesis occurs is the
|
Chloroplast
|
|
|
Paralytic shellfish poisoning occurs when humans eat shellfish that have fed on
|
Gonyaulax spp.
|
|
|
Single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack chlorophyll are called
|
Protozoa
|
|
|
All fungi have ________ in their cell walls.
|
Chitin
|
|
|
Dimorphic fungi
|
May grow as mycelia or yeast.
Oar often associated with disease in humans. Both A and B |
|
|
Fungi capable of dimorphism grow either as
|
yeast-like or mycelium
|
|
|
The most necessary habitat requirement of protozoa is
|
moisture
|
|
|
Aflatoxins
|
Are produced by Aspergillus
Are possible carcinogens May be found in peanuts Are Toxins All of the above |
|
|
Lyme disease is transmitted by
|
Ticks
|
|
|
Nemotodes
|
Are Roundworms
Are found in the gastrointestinal tract or the blood. Both A and B |
|
|
Sarcoptes scabiei
|
Are responsible for Scabies
|
|
|
Fleas
|
If ingested, may transmit a tapeworm to children
May transmit Yersinia pestis Both A and B |
|
|
True or False. Protozoans are eukaryotes and as such have a nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts.
|
False
|
|
|
True or False. Fungi are often capable of locomotion through the use of flagella.
|
False
|
|
|
True or False. Protozoans are usually multicellular and found in arid environments.
|
False
|
|
|
Viruses that infect bacteria are referred to as
|
Bacteriophages
|
|
|
The shape of a virus is determined by its
|
capsid
|
|
|
Outside of living cells viruses are
|
Metabolically inert
|
|
|
The phenomenon responsible for the ability of Corynebacterium diptherium to produce the virulent toxin responsible for the devastating effects of diptheria is called
|
Lysogenic conversion.
|
|
|
API Enterotube and Vitek are all
|
commercially available methods used to identify bacteria.
|
|
|
Which of the following organisms is the causative agent of Hansen's disease (leprosy)?
|
Mycobacterium leprae
|
|
|
True or False. Obligate aerobes may transform energy via fermentation.
|
False
|
|
|
Segments of DNA capable of moving from one area in the DNA to another are called
|
Transposons
|
|
|
The formation of a covalent bond between two adjacent thymines is caused by
|
UV radiation
|
|
|
XRays
|
Cause single and double strand breaks.
|
|
|
Indirect selection
|
is necessary to isolate auxotrophic mutants
|
|
|
The mechanism by which genes are transferred into bacteria via viruses is called
|
Transduction
|
|
|
The basic taxonomic unit in the classification scheme of all living things is
|
species
|
|
|
Very often clinically relevant information may be obtained by examining
|
A wet mount
The Size and shape of the organism Both A and B |
|
|
A selective growth media
|
Allow only certain bacteria to grow.
|
|
|
Media changes color as a result of the biochemical activity of growing bacteria
|
Usually contain a pH indicator in the media
|
|
|
Nucleic acid techniques have great power as diagnostic tools because they may be
|
very specific
|
|
|
In E coli o157:H7, the o157:h7 refers to the
|
specific LPS and flagella type present
|
|
|
The reference for taxonomic descriptions of baccteria is
|
Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
|
|
|
Endospores
|
Are a dormant form of a bacterium
Are formed by members of medically relevant groups of bacteria Both B and C |
|
|
The lactobacilli, in their role as normal flora of the vagina, help the vagina resist infection by contributing to
|
acidity of the vagina.
|
|
|
Coliforms
|
Are an informal grouping of enterics
Ferment Lactose Include E. Coli Are used as indictator of fecal contamination All of the Above |
|
|
True or False. The most medically relevant species of Pseudomonas is P. aeruginosa
|
True
|
|
|
Free-floating, photosynthetic organisms found in marine environments are
|
Phytoplankton
|
|
|
Agar is obtained from
|
Algae
|
|
|
Protozoans are an important part of the food chain ingesting large numbers of
|
Bacteria and algae
|
|
|
The ability to exist as either a trophozoite or a cyst is characteristic of many
|
Protozoa
|
|
|
Most fungi are
|
aerobic or facultatively anaerobic.
|
|
|
Fungal diseases are generally referred to as
|
Mycoses
|
|
|
Which are not arthropods
|
Flukes
|
|
|
True or False. Algae may directly infect humans and cause disease.
|
False
|
|
|
Which does not refer to the shape of a virus
|
Bacillus
|
|
|
The protein projections on the surface of a virus that are involved in attachment tot he host cell are called
|
Spikes
|
|
|
What part of the attached bacteriophage enters through the host cell wall?
|
The nucleic acid
|
|
|
A phage that replicates inside the host cell and then lyses its host during its release is a
|
Virulent phage
|
|
|
The correct order for the stages of a phage infection are
|
Attachment, Penetration, Transcription, Replication of nucleic acid and protein, assembly, release.
APTRAR |
|
|
Phages that can either replicate and cause cell lysis or can integrate their DNA into the host DNA are called
|
Lysogenic phages
|
|
|
A temperate phage
|
May be lysogenic
Chooses between lysogenic and lytic life cycles shortly after entering the host cell. Both A and C. |
|
|
The bacterial viruses that are released by a process termed extrusion are called
|
Filamentous phages
|
|
|
The filamentous phages all contain
|
Single-stranded DNA
|
|
|
The groups of organisms that a virus may infect is known as its
|
Host range.
|
|
|
A particular characteristic of disease-causing Streptococcus is
|
Beta-hemolysis
|
|
|
True or False Plasmids often carry the information for antibiotic resistance.
|
True
|
|
|
PCR is particularly useful in
|
Detecting viable yet non-culturable organisms
Assessing impure (multiple types of bacteria present) samples. Dealing with very small numbers of bacteria. Relatively quickly producing results All of the above. |
|
|
A gram-negative rod found in a urine sample from an otherwise healthy person would be suggestive of
|
Neisseria gonorrhea
|
|
|
Gas chromatography of fatty acids is useful for identifying
|
bacteria by the unique pattern of fatty acids found in their membranes.
|
|
|
True or False. Size and shape may allow one to differentiate between a bacterium, fungus, or protozoan.
|
True
|
|
|
True or False. Streptococcus pyogenes can be easily distinguished microscopically from other Streptococcus.
|
False
|
|
|
The terms yeast, mold, and mushrooms refer to fungal
|
Morphology
|
|
|
A tangle of fungal hyphae is generally known as a
|
Mycelium
|
|
|
Heliobacter pylori
|
inhabit the stomach
|
|
|
Which of the following colonize the vagina during child bearing years?
|
Lactobacilli
|
