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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Frontal Plane |
Side to side motions. Any movement sideways plane (wall in front and back of you)
EXAMPLE: side lunge, lateral dumbbell raise, ice skater, side shuffle |
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Sagittal Plane |
Front to back motions. Any movement front/back (wall to left and right of you)
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Transverse Plane |
Rotational/Diagonal movements.
EXAMPLE: wood choppers, medicine ball rotation press, golfing |
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Biomechanics |
The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces |
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Superior |
Positioned above a point of reference |
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Inferior |
Positioned below a point of reference |
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Proximal |
Positioned closest to the center of the body, or point of reference.
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Distal |
Positioned furthest from center of body, or point of reference
EXAMPLE: Ankle is more distal to the hip than to the knee |
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Anterior OR Ventral |
Front of body
EXAMPLE: Quads are anterior on the thigh |
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Posterior OR Dorsal |
Back of body
EXAMPLE: Hamstrings are posterior |
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Medial |
Positioned near the middle of the body
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Lateral |
Positioned on the outside of the body
EXAMPLE: Ears are on the lateral side of the head |
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Contralateral |
Positioned on opposite sides of the body
EXAMPLE: Right foot is contralateral to left foot |
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Ipsilateral |
Positioned on the same side of the body
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Anatomic Position |
Position with body erect, arms at side, palms forward |
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Saggital Plane |
Bisects the body into left and right planes. Flexion and extension |
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Flexion |
Bending movement in which the angle between limbs decreases |
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Extension |
A straightening movement in which angle increases |
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Hyperextension |
Extension of joint past normal limit or range of motion |
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Abduction |
Movement in frontal plane away from midline of body
EXAMPLE: side lat raises. Similar to extension, increase in angles |
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Adduction |
Movement in frontal plane, back towards midline of body |
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Internal Rotation |
Rotation of joint towards middle of body |
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External Rotation |
Rotation of joint away from middle of body |
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Horizontal abduction |
Movement from a front to side position (arm or leg) |
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Horizontal adduction |
Movement from side to front (arm or leg) |
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Scapular retraction |
Adduction of shoulder blades. Blades move closer to midline |
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Scapular protraction |
Abduction of shoulder blades. Blades move away from midline. |
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Scapular depression |
Downward (inferior) motion of the scapula |
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Scapular elevation |
Upward (superior) motion of scapula |
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Isotonic |
Force is produce, muscle tension developed, movement occurs.
Eccentric - muscle develops tension while lengthening. Lowering weights, negatives
Concentric - shortening of the muscle. Curling weight |
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Isometric |
Muscle is exerting force equal to force being placed on it (ie: holding at the top of a bicep curl) |
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Isokinetic |
Muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion. Machine facilitated |
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Muscular Force |
Influence of one object on another. Characterized by magnitude (how much) and direction (which way) |
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Length-Tension Relationship |
Resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length. |
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Force couple |
Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint. |
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First class levers |
Like a seesaw. Have a fulcrum in the middle. Nodding the head is a first class lever. |
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Second class lever |
Resistance in the middle. Like a wheelbarrow. Calf raise. The input force from calves, output force is raising your body. |
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Third class lever |
Effort placed between resistance and fulcrum. Like bicep curl. Bicep = input force, raised hand = output force |
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Rotary Motion |
Movement of bones around joints |
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Torque |
Force that produces rotation |
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Motor behavior |
Motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli. |
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Motor control |
How the central nervous system integrates external and internal sensory information with pervious experiences to produce a motor response. |
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Motor learning |
Integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to permanent change |
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Motor development |
Change in motor skill behavior over time |
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Internal feedback |
Sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment |
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External feedback |
Information provided by an external source - ie: personal trainer, tape measure, mirror, HR monitor. |