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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the properties of globular proteins? |
They are compact, water soluble and usually roughly spherical. |
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How are globular proteins formed? |
1) They are formed when proteins fold into their tertiary structures in such a way that the hydrophobic R-groups on the amino acids are kept away from the aqueous environment. 2) The hydrophillic R-groups are on the outside of the protein. This means the proteins are soluble in water. |
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Why is the solubility of globular proteins important? |
It is essential for regulating processes such as chemical reactions, immunity, muscle contraction and more. |
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Insulin is a ........ protein. It is also a hormone and hormones are transported through the bloodstream so need to be ....... Hormones also have to fit into specific ......... on cell-surface membranes to have their effect and therefore need to have precise ....... |
Globular, soluble, receptors, shapes. |
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What are conjugated proteins? |
They are globular proteins that contain a non-protein component called a prosthetic group. |
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What are proteins without prosthetic groups called...? |
Simple proteins. |
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There are different prosthetic groups : lipids + proteins = ? carbohydrates + proteins = ? |
Lipoproteins and glycoproteins. |
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What are cofactors? |
They are metal ions and molecules derived from vitamins that form prosthetic groups. They are called cofactors when they are necessary for the proteins to carry out their functions. |
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What are cofactors? |
They are metal ions and molecules derived from vitamins that form prosthetic groups. They are called cofactors when they are necessary for the proteins to carry out their functions. |
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Give an example of a prosthetic group and state what it contains? |
Haem groups are prosthetic groups that contain an iron ion (Fe2+) |
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Haemoglobin is an oxygen-carrying pigment found in red blood cells. It is a .......... protein made from .... polypeptides. |
Quaternary, four. |
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Catalase is an ......, which can catalyse reactions meaning they increase ........ rates. Each ...... is specific to a particular reaction or type of reaction. |
Enzyme, reaction, enzyme. |
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Catalase is a .......... protein containing .... haem prosthetic groups. The presence of the .... ions in the prosthetic groups allow catalase to interact with hydrogen peroxide and ..... .. its breakdown. |
Quaternary, four, iron, speed up. |
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What does catalase stop from happening? |
Hydrogen peroxide is a common byproduct of metabolism but is damaging to cells and cell components if allowed to accumulate. Catalase speeds up its breakdown. |
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What are fibrous proteins formed from and why? |
They are formed from long insoluble molecules, due to the presence of a high proportion of amino acids with hydrophobic R-groups in their primary structures. |
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What do fibrous proteins contain? |
1) A limited range of amino acids, usually with small R-groups. |
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What do fibrous proteins contain? |
1) A limited range of amino acids, usually with small R-groups. |
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Haemoglobin is an oxygen-carrying pigment found in red blood cells. It is a .......... protein made from .... polypeptides. |
Quaternary, four. |
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Haemoglobin contains two ..... and two .... subunits. Each subunit contains a .......... haem group. |
Alpha, beta, prosthetic. |
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In haemoglobin, the .... ions present i the .... groups are each able to combine reversibly with an ...... molecule. This is what enables haemoglobin to transport oxygen around the body. |
Iron, haem, oxygen. |
